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Eyewitness Testimony Presentation 2

1) Eyewitness testimony can be unreliable due to factors like misinformation from other witnesses or media, suggestive questioning, and false memories. 2) Studies have shown that open-ended questioning results in more accurate eyewitness accounts than leading questions. 3) The brain regions involved in deception and false memory overlap, but deception activates more regions, suggesting it requires more cognitive effort. How the brain encodes and retrieves true versus false memories can provide insight into eyewitness reliability.

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242 views12 pages

Eyewitness Testimony Presentation 2

1) Eyewitness testimony can be unreliable due to factors like misinformation from other witnesses or media, suggestive questioning, and false memories. 2) Studies have shown that open-ended questioning results in more accurate eyewitness accounts than leading questions. 3) The brain regions involved in deception and false memory overlap, but deception activates more regions, suggesting it requires more cognitive effort. How the brain encodes and retrieves true versus false memories can provide insight into eyewitness reliability.

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api-534201968
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EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY

Take 5 Minutes To Fill Out The Survey


How confident would you feel testifying to what you
just wrote in court?

Now, after looking at your responses from last


week, how confident would you feel?
“You cut me off in the parking lot
yesterday and made me late to an
appointment” *throws water*
Highlight: Which
Data group did better?

Leading did better on


*78% all descriptions of the
perpetrator except
hair color.

Open did better on


details of the crime
except“yesterday”

*89%
Leading Question *78%
Group: *44%
1 person = 9% 33%
*
Open Ended Question
Group:
1 person = 11%
False Memories
➔ “Flexible retrieval process” and when it is
prone to error

➔ Misinformation: setting of a crime


◆ Suggestion of police officers
◆ Testimonies of other witnesses
◆ Media coverage of the crime
Flashbulb Memories
Selective
Vivid and detailed memories of traumatic Encoding (Crime Scene) Attention
events
➔ Snapshot
◆ Where & When
◆ The Moment News
Conversation
FBM-inducing events: Storage (Retention Interval)
1. Unusualness Verbal
2. Significance Overshadowing
3. Emotional Impact

Retrieval (Eyewitness
Stress Anxiety
Testimony)
Brain Structures & False Memories
➔ Deception and False Memories
◆ Both: SFG (Superior Frontal Gyrus) & Working
Memory
◆ Deception: more brain regions show activity than
in true and false memories ≈ more cognitively
demanding
◆ How can this help in the courts
➔ Different Encoding
◆ Original Event presented visually
◆ Misinformation Event presented auditorily
◆ Participants report audio information of
misinformation as being the original event that
was visual info and the auditory parts of the brain
show activity.
◆ What does this mean? How does it apply to
A Child’s Memory & Developing Brain
➔ Age
➔ Stage of Brain Development
➔ Memory Traces
➔ Suggestibility
Future Measures
➔ Verbal Labels Procedure
➔ National Institute of Child
Health and Human Development
(NICHD) Investigative Interview
Protocol
➔ Jury Debrief
References
Aharonian, A. A & Bornstein, B.H. (2008). Stress and eyewitness memory. Faculty Publications. Department of Psychology. Retrieved from
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1482&context=psychfacpub.

Carpenter, A. C., & Schacter, D. L. (2017). Flexible retrieval: When true inferences produce false memories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and
Cognition, 43(3), 335–349.

Hobbs, S. D., Johnson, J. L., Goodman, G. S., Bederian-Gardner, D., Lawler, M. J., Vargas, I. D., & Mendoza, M. (2013). Evaluating Eyewitness Testimony of Children. In
The Handbook of Forensic Psychology (4th ed., pp. 561–612). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Lamb, M. E., Orbach, Y., Hershkowitz, I., Esplin, P. W., & Horowitz, D. (2007). A structured forensic interview protocol improves the quality and informativeness of
investigative interviews with children: a review of research using the NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol. Child abuse & neglect, 31(11-12), 1201–1231.
doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.03.021

McDermott, K. B. & Roediger, H. L. (2019). Memory (encoding, storage, retrieval). In R.Biswas-Diener & E. Diener (Eds), Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign, IL:
DEF publishers. Retrieved from http://noba.to/bdc4ugerh.

Newlin, C., Steele, L. C., Chamberlin, A., Anderson, J., Kenniston, J., Russell, A., Stewart, H., & Vaughan-Eden, V. (2013). Working for Youth Justice and Safety: Juvenile
Justice Bulletin. U.S. Department of Justice.

Roberts, K. P., & Price, H.L. (2007). A practical guide to interviewing child witnesses. The Canadian Journal of Police & Security Services, 5(3/4), 1-6.

Shaw, J. (2016). The memory illusion: Remembering, forgetting, and the science of false memory. London, UK: Random House Books.
References
Stark, C. E. L., Okado, Y., & Loftus, E. F. (2010). Imaging the reconstruction of true and false memories using sensory reactivation and the misinformation paradigms.
Learning & Memory, 17(10), 485–488.

Volpini, L., Melis, M., Petralia, S., & Rosenberg, M. D. (2016). Measuring children's suggestibility in forensic interviews. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 61(1), 104-108.
doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.loras.edu/10.1111/1556-4029.12987

Yu, J., Tao, Q., Zhang, R., Chan, C. C. H., & Lee, T. M. C. (2019). Can fMRI discriminate between deception and false memory? A meta-analytic comparison between
deception and false memory studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

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