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Basic Electronics Engineering: B.Tech., Semester - III

The document discusses the Zener diode and its application in voltage regulation. It begins by explaining the basic construction and functioning of the Zener diode, noting that it has a higher doping concentration than a standard p-n junction diode. In reverse bias above the Zener voltage, avalanche breakdown occurs allowing current to flow. Zener diodes are used in voltage regulators due to their ability to maintain a constant voltage. The document provides examples of Zener diode voltage regulator circuits and explains how they are able to provide a stable output voltage despite variations in input voltage or load current.

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Swathi Gudivada
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views

Basic Electronics Engineering: B.Tech., Semester - III

The document discusses the Zener diode and its application in voltage regulation. It begins by explaining the basic construction and functioning of the Zener diode, noting that it has a higher doping concentration than a standard p-n junction diode. In reverse bias above the Zener voltage, avalanche breakdown occurs allowing current to flow. Zener diodes are used in voltage regulators due to their ability to maintain a constant voltage. The document provides examples of Zener diode voltage regulator circuits and explains how they are able to provide a stable output voltage despite variations in input voltage or load current.

Uploaded by

Swathi Gudivada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Basic Electronics Engineering

B.Tech., Semester –III

Manisha Chahande 1
Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Zener Diode

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• The basic construction of Zener


diode is similar to that of
conventional.
• PN junction diode excepting the
doping concentration. The n-type
and p type semiconductors are
doped more heavily than
conventional p-n junction.
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• The Zener mechanism occurs when


the diode is reverse biased.
• At a particular reverse biased
voltage on which Zener effect
occurs is known as Zener break
down voltage.
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• The Zener breakdown


voltage is controlled
during manufacture by
adjusting the amount of
doping used
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• As Zener diode is forward


biased, it beaves as normal
p-n junction diode.

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• The Zener breakdown voltage


is the reverse bias voltage after
which a significant amount of
current starts flowing through
the Zener diode. VZ refers to
the Zener breakdown voltage.
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• Until the voltage reaches Zener


breakdown level, tiny amount of
current flows through the diode.

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• Once the reverse bias voltage


becomes more than the zener
breakdown voltage, a
significant amount of current
starts flowing through the
diode due to Zener breakdown.
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• If the Zener diode’s voltage is 12.6


volts and the power supply’s voltage
is 45 volts, there will be 32.4 volts
dropped across the resistor (45 volts
- 12.6 volts = 32.4 volts).
• 32.4 volts dropped across 1000 Ω
gives 32.4 mA of current in the circuit.

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• load regulation is a
power supply's ability to
maintain a constant
output level given
changes in its load.
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• The voltage remains at the


Zener breakdown voltage
value, but the current
through the diode increases
when the input voltage gets
increased.
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• Due to the unique property


of Zener diode, the depletion
region regains its original
position when the reverse
voltage gets removed.

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• The Zener diode doesn’t


get damaged despite this
massive amount of current
flowing through it.
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• As the voltage remains at the zener


breakdown voltage, we use zener
diodes for voltage regulation .
• We use them in voltage stabilizers
and various other protection circuits.
They provide a low-cost solution for
voltage regulation.
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• Application of Zener diode


Zener diode as voltage regulator

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What is a Voltage Regulator?


•A voltage regulator is a device
that regulates the voltage level.
•It essentially steps down the input
voltage to the desired level and
keeps it in that same level during
the supply.
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• To keep the output voltage constant


at the desired value in spite of
variations in the supply voltage.

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• The most common application of


Zener diode is to stabilize the
voltage drop across load
irrespective of the variation in the
input voltage or load.
• In order to ensure this, the Zener
diode is employed in parallel with
the load
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• The function of a voltage


regulator is to provide a
constant output voltage to a
load connected in parallel with
it in spite of the ripples in the
supply voltage or variations in
the load current.
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A zener diode will continue to


regulate its voltage until the
diodes holding current falls below
the minimum IZ(min) value in the
reverse breakdown region.

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• Resistor, RS is connected in series


with the zener diode to limit the
current flow through the diode with
the voltage source,
• VS being connected across the
combination. The stabilised output
voltage Vout is taken from across the
zener diode.

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• The load is connected in


parallel with the zener diode,
so the voltage across RL is
always the same as the
zener voltage, ( VR = VZ ).

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•.

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• Current through the diode


increases when the voltage
across the diode tends to
increase which results in the
voltage drop across the resistor.

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Similarly, the current through the


diode decreases when the voltage
across the diode tends to decrease.
Here, the voltage drop across the
resistor is very less, and the output
voltage results normally.

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• Analysis of zener diode

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• First we check the state of Zener


by finding the voltage across RL
using voltage dividing rule as
considering the Zener is OFF i.e.
it acts like a open circuit and so
no current passes through Zener.

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• If V≥ VZ, the Zener is in ON state


otherwise it is in OFF state

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2) If Zener is OFF then


voltage drop across load
equals to .VL=V

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Thank you
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