Scribd
Upload
41 views

Telecommunication S and Networking

This document provides an overview of telecommunications and computer networking. It discusses basic network structures and protocols, how information is transmitted over networks, different types of computer networks including PAN, LAN, MAN and WAN. It also describes wired and wireless network technologies, factors to consider when selecting network hardware, and key networking concepts such as IP addresses, static vs dynamic IP, TCP/IP layers, how computers find and communicate with each other on the internet, and applications of internet technology.

Uploaded by

MBFI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
41 views

Telecommunication S and Networking

This document provides an overview of telecommunications and computer networking. It discusses basic network structures and protocols, how information is transmitted over networks, different types of computer networks including PAN, LAN, MAN and WAN. It also describes wired and wireless network technologies, factors to consider when selecting network hardware, and key networking concepts such as IP addresses, static vs dynamic IP, TCP/IP layers, how computers find and communicate with each other on the internet, and applications of internet technology.

Uploaded by

MBFI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

CHAPTER 4

Telecommunication
s
and Networking 1
How computers communicate?
• What happens when we type a URL in browser and click enter?
• What happens when we send or receive an email?
• Understand basic network structures
• Most commonly adopted Protocols

2
Information Stored vs Transmitted

3
What is a computer network?

Types of networks
• PAN – Personal Area Network
• LAN – Local Area network
• MAN – Metropolitan Area network
• WAN – Wide Area network

Bandwidth
• Broadband – fast information transition
• Narrowband – somewhat slow information transition

4
Wireline vs Wireless
Wireline
• Twisted pair – Cheap and vulnerable, not a to fast
• Coaxial cable – Somewhat expensive, better speed and hard to work with
• Fiber Optics – Very expensive, highly efficient, hard to service

HUB Switch Router

5
How to make the right decision

Think before you invest in expensive network hardware


• When combining several technologies think of bottleneck effect
• Wrong combination can make your investment worthless

6
What is Internet?
• A wide are network
• What are NAP-s?IXP?
• How ISP-s work?

How computers find each other?


• What is an IP address?
• IPv4 – 32 Bit
• IPv6 – 128 Bit 7
Static IP vs Dynamic IP

Static
• Is a permanent IP address (One of possible 4bln)
• 7-10bln connected devices

Dynamic
• Is granted to a device when you connect to the internet
• There will be no need in it after adopting IPv6

8
How computers communicate - TCP/IP

7 layers of OSI

1: Physical Layer TCP/IP


2: Data Link Layer
1: Network Layer
3: Network Layer
4: Transport Layer 2: Internet Layer(IP)
5: Session Layer 3: Transportation Layer(TCP)
6: Presentation Layer 4: Application layer
7: Application Layer

9
So what happens with your URL search
Application layer
• HTTP request is sent to your transition layer
Transportation layer
• The information is disassembled into packages
• Marked with sequence numbers for future assembly
• Waits for confirmation of delivery
Internet layer
• Each package receives destination IP address and other required data
Network layer
• Packages are physically sent/routed towards their destination

Application Layer Transportation layer Internet Layer Network layer

10
What happens next
• Your packages are sent to your ISP
• Your ISP resends it to IXP that has the destination IP
• The Destination ISP resends it to the appropriate IP address

11
Internet Versus WWW
• Internet is the network
• WWW is a special case of using this network
• Browser
• Web Page
• URL(uniform resource locator)

• Other usages of Internet


• Skype
• Mail
• Remote access technologies
How URL is resolved

DNS Server
• Your computer knows the
IP of the closest DNS server
• You ask DNS to provide you with
an IP
• It answers you back with an IP
• Now you can connect to the
desired IP Address
Client-Server vs Peer-to-Peer

Peer-to-Peer

email Skype
How bittorent works

Each computer is both a downloader and an uploader


Useful applications of internet

• Looking up random stuff (Search engines)


• Online Education
• Voice/video communication
• Collaboration

Modern trends:
• Big Data
• Crowdsourcing
• Internet of things
Internet of things
The interconnection via the Internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects
Dot- COM Bubble
• What is a Bubble?
• What happened in 1998-2003
• People are not informed enough
• Low interest Rates
• A lot of success stories: Google, Apple…
• Investing in IT is a new trend, but nobody knows
what it is
What happens in the market

• People invest in IT companies without any reason


• A lot of new companies are created
• You only need to add “e-” to the name of your company
How it Ends?

What currently happens?


• Angel Investors
• Start-up incubators
• Crowdsourcing

You might also like