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KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT PROBLEMS Edited (Autosaved)

This document discusses kidney and urinary tract problems, including inflammatory and vascular disorders. It focuses on urinary tract infections (UTIs), describing the types of UTIs, common causes, and risk factors. UTIs are more common in women and the elderly. They are usually caused by gram-negative bacteria like E. coli entering the urinary tract. Risk factors include sexual activity, pregnancy, catheter use, and medical conditions like diabetes. Common signs of a UTI are a strong urge to urinate, burning during urination, and cloudy or bloody urine.

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Jane Ann Alolod
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42 views

KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT PROBLEMS Edited (Autosaved)

This document discusses kidney and urinary tract problems, including inflammatory and vascular disorders. It focuses on urinary tract infections (UTIs), describing the types of UTIs, common causes, and risk factors. UTIs are more common in women and the elderly. They are usually caused by gram-negative bacteria like E. coli entering the urinary tract. Risk factors include sexual activity, pregnancy, catheter use, and medical conditions like diabetes. Common signs of a UTI are a strong urge to urinate, burning during urination, and cloudy or bloody urine.

Uploaded by

Jane Ann Alolod
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT

PROBLEMS
PREPARED BY:

ALOLOD, JANE ANN C. LAZALITA, CARLA SARIMOS, MAE ANN


 INFLAMMATORY VASCULAR
DISORDER DISORDER
 RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS
 UTI ( URINARY TRACT INFECTION)
 NEPHROSCLEROSIS
a. Pyelonephritis  HYDRONEPHROSIS
 RENAL CALCULI
b. Urosepsis
 TUMOR IN THE BLADDER
c. Cystitis  URETHRAL STRICTURES
 TUMORS OF THE KIDNEY
 ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
 TUMORS OF THE BLADDER
 CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS  TRAUMA TO THE URINARY TRACT
 URINARY RETENTION
 NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
 URINARY INCONTINENCE
 CHEMICAL-INDUCED NEPHRITIS  POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE
INFLAMMATORY DISORDER

 The kidneys are susceptible to inflammation caused by bacterial


infection, altered immune response , drugs and other chemicals, toxins,
and radiation. Inflammation may be ACUTE or CHRONIC.
What is UTI (Urinary Tract
Infection) ?

 A urinary tract infection is an infection found within the


urinary tract which mainly caused by bacteria. It can also
be caused by a virus or fungus as well.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI’s)
 LOWER URINARY SYSTEM (starts here typically)

 Urethra -“urethritis”

 Bladder -“ cystitis"

 UPPER URINARY SYSTEM

 Ureters - “ureteritis”

 Kidneys – “pyelonephritis”
HOW DOES URINE FLOW?
ETIOLOGY
AND
EPIDEMIOLOGY
UTI (Urinary Tract Infections)

 UTIs tend to affect women more.


 School age girls account for approximately 1% of infections. This rate increases by
approximately 1% per decade.

 The incidence increases to 30% for person older than 80 years regardless of whether they
live at home or in a chronic care facility.

 The increase incidence of UTI’s in men after age of 50 may be due to age- related
decreases in prostatic fluid.

 Infection in the lower urinary tract is associated with increased incidence of of acute
kidney infection (pyelonephritis) as a result of ascending microorganism.
ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY

Gram – Negative organism Gram – Positive organism

 Eschrichia coli  Enterococci

 Klebsiella pneumonia  Coagulase- negative staphylococci

 Citrobacter organism  Staphlycoccus aureus

 Enterobacter organism  Group B streptococci

 Proteous mirabilis

 Pseudomonas aeruginosa
 Some women develop routine postcoital UTI’s.

 In men the presence of zinc in the prostatic fluid acts as antibacterial agent that helps
prevent UTI’s.

 Men who are not circumcised have a greater risk of UTI’s than men who are circumcised.

 Bladder catheterization is responsible for large number of acquired- UTI’s.


RISK FACTORS

 Sexual intercourse

 Pregnancy

 Diaphragm use

 Spermicides

 Diabetes mellitus

 History of urinary tract infection

 Delayed postcoital voiding


RISK FACTORS

 Lack of circumcision

 Prostatic hypertropy

 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

 Homosexual activity
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
A strong, persistent urge to urinate
A burning sensation when urinating
Passing frequent, small amounts of urine
Urine that appears cloudy
Urine that appears red, bright pink or cola-colored — a sign of blood in the urine
Strong-smelling urine
Pelvic pain, in women — especially in the center of the pelvis and around the area of
the pubic bone

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