CONSTRUCTION SITE PREMISES

GENERAL PROVISIONS

 Protection to every workingman against the

dangers of injury, sickness or death through safe
and healthful working conditions, thereby
assuring the conservation of valuable
manpower, resources, and, the prevention of
loss or damage to lives and properties.
ACCIDENT PREVENTION

 Real factor in the economic success of any

construction job.
 profitable
 lower cost and increases efficiency
GENERAL CONSTRUCTION
SITE REQUIREMENTS
 Accident prevention is a legal requirement
 understanding between the owner and the
contractor
 experience in running construction jobs
 Accident prevention planning
 Protection of workers and the public
 government standard regulations
CONSTRUCTION HAZARDS

 Open Excavation
 Falling Objects
 Welding Operations
 Dust Dirt
 Temporary Wirings
 Temporary Overhead Electrical Lines
 Construction Site Requirement

 Construction premises shall

have adequate fire,
emergency or danger sign
and safety instructions of
standard colors and sizes
visible at all times
 WARNING/SAFETY SIGN

 A visual alerting device in the form of a label,

placard or other marking which advises the
observer of the nature and degree of potential
hazards which can cause injury or death
 WARNING SIGNS

Should alert persons to the following:

Specific hazards
Degree or level of seriousness
Probable consequence of involvement with the
hazards
How hazards can be avoided
 WARNING SIGNS

LOCATION
Safety signs shall be placed such
that they will:
 Be readily visible to the
intended viewer
 Alert the viewer to the
potential hazard in time to
take appropriate action

PROTECTION
Against foreseeable damage, fading or
visual obstruction caused by abrasion,
ultra-violet light, or substance such as
lubricants, chemical and dirt.
WARNING SIGNS

DIMENSION

S  L2/2000
 Where:
S & L= expressed in the same unit of measurement
S = Area of Safety Sign
L = Distance of Observation
PANEL

Area of safety sign having distinctive background

color different from adjacent areas of the sign,
which is clearly delineated by a line, border or
margin
THREE (3) PANELS PER SIGN

Signal Word

Message

Symbol
 Panel Signs

SIGNAL WORD PANEL

Area of safety sign that contains the signal word
and the safety alert symbol
MESSAGE PANEL
Area of the safety sign that contains the word
messages which identify the hazard, indicate how
to avoid the hazard and advise of the probable
consequence of not avoiding the hazard
Panel Signs

SYMBOL/PICTORIAL PANEL
Area of the safety sign that
contains the symbol/pictorial
SAFETY COLOR CODE

 Will supplement the proper guarding or

warning of hazardous conditions

 Not a substitute for engineering or

administrative controls, including training, to
eliminate identifiable hazards
STANDARD COLOR OF SIGNS

SAFETY RED: Fire Protection.

To call attention to fire protection equipment
apparatus and facilities
 Fire stations and equipment (fire extinguishers, pumps, buckets,
hose, hydrant)
 Fire extinguishing systems (valves, alarm, sprinkler piping)
 Fire protection materials (doors, blankets)
 To identify Dangers, Stop signals (red lights placed on barricades
at temporary obstructions or on temporary construction; stop
button for electrical switches used for emergency stopping of
machinery
 STANDARD COLOR OF SIGNS

SAFETY GREEN: Safety. Designating Safety

Location of first aid equipment; location of safety devices;

safety bulletin boards
 STANDARD COLOR OF SIGNS

Safety WHITE: Traffic. White, black, or a

combination of these are the basic colors for the
designation of traffic and housekeeping marking.
Solid white, solid black, single color stripping or
alternate stripes of black and white.
Housekeeping – location of refuse cans; white corners for rooms
and passageways, drinking fountains and food dispensing
equipment location
Traffic – location and width of aisleways; deadends of aisles and
passageways; stairways and directional signs
 STANDARD COLOR OF SIGNS

SAFETY YELLOW: Caution. To designate caution and

for marking physical hazards, such as striking
against, stumbling, falling, tripping and caught in
between. Solid yellow, yellow and black stripes,
yellow and black checkers or yellow with suitable
contrasting background

Construction equipment, such as bulldozers, tractors; handrails,

guardrail or top and bottom of treds of stairways where caution is
needed; lower pulley blocks and cranes;piping systems containing
dangerous materials
 STANDARD COLOR OF SIGNS
SAFETY ORANGE: Alert. To designate dangerous
parts of machines and energized equipment which
may cut, crush, shock or otherwise injure, and to
emphasize such hazards when enclosure doors are
open or when gear, belt, or other guards around
moving equipment are open or removed, exposing
unguarded hazards
To designate the sign “Do not open or remove” (the inside of
movable guards; safety starting buttons and boxes; exposed parts
of gears, pulleys, rollers, cutting device; inside of the box door or
cover of open fuse, power and electrical switches boxes)
 STANDARD COLOR OF SIGNS

SAFETY BLUE: Precaution. To designate caution,

limited to warning against starting use of, or the
movement of equipment which is under repair or
being worked upon

“Men at Work”
“Under Repair”
SAFETY PURPLE: Radiation. To designate radiation
hazards. Yellow is used in combination with purple
for markers, such as tags, labels, signs and floor
markers
Where Signages are Needed

Usage of PPE prior to entry to the project site

Potential risks of falling object
Potential risks of falling
Explosives and flammable substances are used or
stored
Tripping or slipping hazards
Where Signages are Needed

Danger from toxic or irritant airborne

contaminants/substances may exist
Contact with or proximity to electrical/facility
equipment
Contact with dangerous moving parts of
machineries and equipment
Fire alarms and fire fighting equipment
Where Signages are Needed

Instructions on the usage of specific construction

equipment
Periodic updating of man-hours lost
Worker’s Welfare Facilities

Source of drinking water

Sanitary and washing facilities
Living accommodation
Separate sanitary, washing and sleeping facilities
for men and women
Demolition, Explosives and
Excavation
By: rubio, earl jhon Xavier m,
What is demolition worls ?
• Demolition work’s means to demolish or dismantle a dismantle a
structure or part of a structure that is load-bearing or otherwise
related to the physical integrity of structure.
 Before the demolition operation begin:
 Adequete inspection should be made be designated person.
 If necessary to prevent danger, unstable parts of structure should be
made secure
 All utilities should be effectively disconnected or shut off at or outside
the property line.
 The danger zone around of the structure should be adequately
fenced off or warning sign posted
• The danger zone around of the structure should be adequately
fenced off or warning sign posted
• Before the demolition work, structure should be free from any toxic
or hazardous substances.
• Where applicable metal scaffold enclosed with peripheral nettings
should be erected around the building or structure to be demoslihed
• No workers shall stand on top of wall, pier or chimney more than six (6) meters
(18 ft.) high unlesssafe flooring or adequatescaffolding or staging is
provided on all sides of the wall, three (3) meters (9 ft.) away from where he is
working.
• All precautions shall be taken to avoid damage from collapse of a building being
demolished or any part of it when any part of the framing is removed from a
framed or partly framed building.
• Demolition shall proceed systematically, storey by storey, in a descending order
and the work on the upper floors shall be completely over before
removingany of the supporting membersof the structure on the
lower floor.
• No building or any part of the structure shall be overloaded with debris or
materials to render it unsafe and hazardous to persons working.
Before demolition work carried out, ensure that these materials
are removed :
• Glass in doors, window, etc.
• Loose objects
• Projecting parts
• Explosive inflammable, toxic and harmful subtances
• All demolition operations of building or other structure over six (6)
meters high shall be under supervision of a competent person. No
person except the workers who are directly engaged in the demolition
shall enter a demolition area to withina distance equal to
1 1/2 times the heightof the structure being demolished,
where this distance is not possible the structure shall be fenced
around and no unauthorized person shall be allowed within the
fenced area.
Explosives
 Rule 20 of the fire code of the Philippines on storage of
explosives is adopted

• “Explosives” shall mean and include any chemical compound or other

substances intended for the purpose of producing an explosion or that
which contains oxidizing or combustible unit or other ingredients in
such proportion or quantity hat ignition by fire, friction,
concussion or detonation may produce an explosion capable of
causing injury to persons or damage to property.
• Inhabited Building
• Explosives Plant
• Factory or Explosive Building”
• Magazine
• Railway
• Highway
• Barricaded
• Natural Barricade
• “ArtificialBarricade”
Limitation
• Building in which any quantity of explosives are manufactured,
handled, used or temporarily stored shallbe classified as “explosives
buildings”. These buildings wherein finished explosives are
kept or are stored for periods exceeding forty eight (48)
hours shall be classified as “Magazine”
Explosives materials used in loading detonators, timing or printing caps or other similar
manufacturing processes shall not be stored in workrooms wherein people are employed
except under the following conditions
•  Where the quantity used for an eight-hour work does not
exceed 45 kgs. (100 lbs.).. Additional supply be brought from
the magazine as needed after the first 45 kgs. (100 lbs.) is
processed and transferred to magazines.
 Explosives shall not be kept or stored other than inmagazineof
Class I and Class II types.
• Table of distance
• Precaution
• Intra-plant quantity and distance table:
• Precaution to table
Class I explosives
• class 1 magazines shall be those containing over 22.5 kgs.
(50 lbs.) of explosives. Such magazines shall have no
openings except for ventilation and entrance. It shall be of masonry or
metal construction or a combination of both constructed and
maintained as follows:
• Doors
• Signs
• Wood
• Brick
• Concrete
• Cement block fabricated metal
• Lining magazines
• Foundation
• Ventilation
• nails
Temporary storage at job sites
• When used for temporary storage at a job site for blasting
operations, Class II magazines shall be located away from
neighboring buildings, railways, highways and other magazines. A
distance of at least 45m. 150ft.) shall be maintained between
Class II Magazines and the work site when the quantity of explosives
kept therein is in excess of 11.4 kgs. (25 lbs.) and at least 15 m. (50
ft.) when the quantity of explosives is 11.4 kgs (25 lbs.) or less.
Existing magazines
• Magazines existing prior to the promulgation of this Standards, which
comply substantially with the intent and purpose of this requirement
but not with the detailed specifications may be allowed for a period
of one (1) year subject to the reduction of capacity for the purpose of
complying with the provisions of this Rule.
Number of the employees

• The number of employees allowed in workrooms or portions of an

explosives plant shall be limited to the minimum requirements of
manufacturing.
Approval of plans
• For purposes of this Rule, the plans of all buildings in the explosives plant shall
be submitted to the Integrated National Police for approval copy furnished the
Regional Labor Office concerned before such buildings are constructed with the
following:
• a. Maps, plans or sketches of the topographical site showing the location of plant
buildings, highways and also showing the existing barricades, if any, and
barricades that are intended to be used. These plans shall be drawn to a scale of
1:2000 meters (100 or 200 feet to an inch) submitted in triplicate in white or blue
print.
• b. Plans and specifications of proposed magazines and other factory buildings
drawn scale of at least 1.50 meters (1/4 in. to a foot) submitted in triplicate in
white or blue print.
Certificate of safety fees
• Safety Inspection Fee: Refer to Rule 1970
General Precautions
• Packages of explosives shall not be opened within 15 m. (50 ft.) of any
magazine. Only wooden, rubber, rawhide, fiber, zinc or babbit mallet
and wood wedge shall be used in opening packages of explosives.
Records of Disposition of Explosives
• Every person, firm, association, or corporation manufacturing, selling,
giving away, or distributing explosives, shall keep at all times an
accurate journal or record in which purchase of explosives powder
and every sale or disposition of explosives are legibly entered. Such
record must show the names and addresses of persons to whom sales
or dispositions were made, name of persons to whom delivered, and
the nature of business or persons receiving the same.
Excavation

• Shoring and Timbering

- The walls of every excavation over 1 m. (3 ft.) deep shall be supported by
adequate shoring and timbering to prevent collapse, provided that this
shall not apply to an excavation:
a) which a worker is not required to enter for any purposes.
b)cut in solid rock.
c)the walls are sloped to forty-five degree (45) angle from the vertical or
cut to the angle of repose.
d) in which a worker is engaged in timbering or other work for the purpose
of compliance with this Rule if precautions are taken to ensure his safety.
• No excavation in an adjacent building or structure shall be undertaken
unless steps are taken to prevent danger to workers.
• Before shoring or timbering, the walls of an excavation shall be
stripped of loose rocks or other materials that might slide, roll or fall
on workers.
• Every excavation over 1 m. (3 ft.) shall be kept free of water at all
times.
Minimum Berm
• Excavated material shall be kept from the edge of the excavation to
provide a clear berm of a distance not less than one third of the depth
of the excavation.
• Where the disposal area is limited, a berm of reduced width of not
less than 1 m. (3 ft.) may be allowed, provided the materials being
excavated are stable, the shoring is designed to carry the additional
load, and barriers are provided to prevent roll back of the excavated
materials.
 Inspection and Examination of Excavation
• Every part of an excavation over 2 m. (6 ft.) deep where workers work
shall be inspected by the person in charge at least once everyday.
 Supervision and Execution of Timbering and other
Work
• Timbering and other support for any excavation shall be of good
construction, sound materials, and of adequate strength for the
purpose for which it is used and properly maintained
• All struts and bracings shall be properly secured to prevent
displacement
.
Scaffoldings

• Every scaffold shall be of good construction of sound materials and

strength for the purpose for which it is intended.
• Timber used for scaffolds shall be in good condition, the bark
completely stripped off, and not painted or treated in any manner that
defects cannot be easily seen.
• All materials and parts of scaffold not in use or intended for re-use shall
be kept under good condition and separate from other materials
unsuitable for scaffolds.
• At heights over 20 meters, structural metals should be used designed by
a structural engineer and duly approved by the appropriate authority.
 Supervision and inspection of Scaffolds
• Scaffold shall be erected, added, altered or dismantled only under the
supervision of the person in charge of the construction.
• All materials used in any scaffold shall be inspected before use.
Types of Scaffolds
• be of stable construction and weighted at the base to prevent
overturning,
• be used only on firm and even surface,
• be securely braced,
• not be moved when any worker is on the scaffold,
• be moved only from or near the base,
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
SAFETY
What are the hazard of hand tools?
• If a chisel is used as a screwdriver, the tip of the chisel may
break and fly off, hitting the user or other employees.
• If a wooden handle on a tool, such as a hammer or an axe, is
loose, splintered, or cracked, the head of the tool may fly off
and strike the user or other employees.
• If the jaws of a wrench are sprung, the wrench might slip.
• If impact tools such as chisels, wedges, or drift pins have
mushroomed heads, the heads might shatter on impact, sending
sharp fragments flying toward the user or other employees.
What are the danger of power tools?
• Appropriate personal protective equipment such as safety
goggles and gloves must be worn to protect against hazards that
may be encountered while using hand tools.
• Workplace floors shall be kept as clean and dry as possible.
• Power tools must be fitted with guards and safety switches.
Guards
Machine guards, as appropriate, must be provided to protect the
operator and others from the following:
• Point of operation.
• In-running nip points.
• Rotating parts.
• Flying chips and sparks.

Operating Controls and Switches

The following hand-held power tools must be equipped with a
constant-pressure switch or control that shuts off the power when
pressure is released.

Electric Tools
The most serious hazards are electrical burns and shocks.
Electrical shocks, which can lead to injuries such as heart failure
and burns, are among the major hazards associated with electric powered
tools.
To protect the user from shock and burns.
• Electric tools must have a three-wire cord with a ground and be plugged into
a grounded receptacle
• be double insulated
• or be powered by a low voltage isolation transformer.

The following general practices should be followed when using

electric tools:
• Operate electric tools within their design limitations.
• Use gloves and appropriate safety footwear when using
electric tools.
• Store electric tools in a dry place when not in use.
• Do not use electric tools in damp or wet locations unless they
are approved for that purpose.
• Keep work areas well lighted when operating electric tools.
• Ensure that cords from electric tools do not present a tripping
hazard.
Pneumatic Tools
- Pneumatic tools are powered by compressed air and include
chippers, drills, hammers, and sanders.

• The danger of getting hit by one of the

tool’s attachments or by some kind of fastener the worker is using
with the tool.

• Must be checked to see that the tools are fastened

securely to the air hose.

• Eye protection

• Screens must also be set up

• Compressed air guns should never be pointed toward anyone.

• Hearing protection.
Working with noisy tools such as jackhammers requires proper,

-Pneumatic tools that shoot nails, rivets, staples, or similar fasteners

and operate at pressures more than 100 pounds per square inch.
• Must be equipped with a special device to keep fasteners
from being ejected, unless the muzzle is pressed against the
work surface.