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Conservative Forces, Non-Conservative Forces, and Collisions

1. The document discusses conservative forces, non-conservative forces, and collisions. Conservative forces are those for which work done is path independent, while non-conservative forces add or subtract energy. 2. Examples of conservative forces include gravity and springs, while non-conservative forces include friction. Mechanical energy is conserved when only conservative forces act, but non-conservative forces can add or subtract energy. 3. Collisions are also discussed, where momentum is always conserved but kinetic energy may or may not be conserved depending on whether the collision is elastic or inelastic. Elastic collisions maintain the same total kinetic energy after collision, while inelastic collisions lose kinetic energy.

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kartik khatri
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40 views

Conservative Forces, Non-Conservative Forces, and Collisions

1. The document discusses conservative forces, non-conservative forces, and collisions. Conservative forces are those for which work done is path independent, while non-conservative forces add or subtract energy. 2. Examples of conservative forces include gravity and springs, while non-conservative forces include friction. Mechanical energy is conserved when only conservative forces act, but non-conservative forces can add or subtract energy. 3. Collisions are also discussed, where momentum is always conserved but kinetic energy may or may not be conserved depending on whether the collision is elastic or inelastic. Elastic collisions maintain the same total kinetic energy after collision, while inelastic collisions lose kinetic energy.

Uploaded by

kartik khatri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Conservative Forces,
Non-Conservative Forces,
and Collisions

-KARTIK KHATRI
XI-A1
2
Conservation of Energy

1. M u lti-d im e n s io n a l fo rm o f w o rk in te g ra l:

x f
 
W  

x
F dx
i

2. C o n s e rv a tiv e fo rc e = w o rk d o e s n ’t d e p e n d o n p a th .
3. P o te n tia l E n e rg y d e fin e d fo r a c o n s e rv a tiv e fo rc e :
A
 
U (A )    F d x
0
4. G ra v ity : U g  m g (y  y 0)  m g h
5. S p rin g : Us  12 k ( x  x 0 ) 2
6. C o n s e rv a tio n o f e n e rg y if o n ly c o n s e rv a tiv e fo rc e s o p e ra te :
 K   U or | K   U  0 |
3
Conservative Forces
Non-Conservative Forces

Examples of Conservative Forces:


 Gravity
 Ideal Spring (Hooke’s Law)
 Electrostatic Force (later in Physics 1)

Examples of Non-Conservative Forces:


 Human Pushes and Pulls
 Friction
4
Is Mechanical Energy Always
Conserved?

T o ta l M e c h a n ic a l E n e r g y
E  K  U
 E   K   U  0 if o n ly c o n s e rv a tiv e fo rc e s a c t
W h e n N o n -C o n s e r v a tiv e F o r c e s A c t
 E   K   U  W non  cons

T h is is e q u iv a le n t to
K f  U f  K i  U i  W non  cons

N o n -c o n s e rv a tiv e fo rc e s a d d (+ ) o r s u b tra c t (– ) e n e rg y .
5
Elastic and Inelastic Collisions

Momentum is conserved in a collision process because only internal


forces are acting. External forces are considered separately.

In many collisions a large percentage of the kinetic energy is lost.


These are known as inelastic collisions. For example, any collision
in which two objects stick together is always inelastic.

If the kinetic energy after a collision is the same as before, then we


have an elastic collision. During the collision process, some of the
kinetic energy can convert to potential energy of various kinds, but
after the collision is over all of the kinetic energy is restored.
11-
6

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