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Circulatory System

The document discusses animal circulation physiology and different circulatory systems. It describes open and closed circulatory systems, and how vertebrates evolved from 2-chambered to 4-chambered hearts. The human circulatory system is then explained in detail, including the heart, blood vessels, blood components, and their functions.

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cale suarez
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41 views

Circulatory System

The document discusses animal circulation physiology and different circulatory systems. It describes open and closed circulatory systems, and how vertebrates evolved from 2-chambered to 4-chambered hearts. The human circulatory system is then explained in detail, including the heart, blood vessels, blood components, and their functions.

Uploaded by

cale suarez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Animal

Physiology:CIRCULATION
In circulation…
• What needs to be transported
– nutrients & fuels
• from digestive system
– respiratory gases
• O2 & CO2 from & to gas exchange systems: lungs, gills
– intracellular waste
• waste products from cells
– water, salts, nitrogenous wastes (urea)
– protective agents
• immune defenses
– white blood cells & antibodies
• blood clotting agents
– regulatory molecules
• hormones
2
Circulatory
Systems
Exchange of materials
• Animal cells exchange material across their
cell membrane
– fuels for energy
– nutrients
– oxygen
– waste (urea, CO2)
• If you are a 1-cell organism that’s easy.
• If you are many-celled that’s harder

5
Circulatory systems
• All animals have:
– circulatory fluid = “blood”
– tubes = blood vessels
– muscular pump = heart
open closed

hemolymph blood
7
Open circulatory system
• Taxonomy
– invertebrates
• insects,
earthropods,
mollusks
• Structure
– no separation
between blood &
interstitial fluid
• hemolymph

8
Closed circulatory system
• Taxonomy closed system = higher pressures
– invertebrates
• earthworms, squid,
octopuses
– vertebrates
• Structure
– blood confined to vessels &
separate from interstitial
fluid
• 1 or more hearts
• large vessels to smaller
vessels
• material diffuses between
vessels & interstitial fluid

10
Evolution of vertebrate circulatory system

fish amphibian reptiles birds & mammals


2 chamber 3 chamber 3 chamber 4 chamber

Birds AND
mammals!
Wassssup?!
V
A A A A A A
A V V V V
V

13
2-heart
chambers
3 chamber heart
Vertebrate circulatory system
• Adaptations in closed system
– number of heart chambers differs
2 3 4

high pressure
low pressure low O2
& high O2
to body to body
to body

What’s the adaptive value of a 4 chamber heart?


4 chamber heart is double pump = separates oxygen-rich &
oxygen-poor blood; maintains high pressure 21
Vertebrate cardiovascular system
• Chambered heart
– atrium = receive blood
– ventricle = pump blood out
• Blood vessels
– arteries = carry blood away from heart
• arterioles
– veins = return blood to heart
• venules
– capillaries = point of exchange, thin wall
• capillary beds = networks of capillaries

22
Blood vessels
arteries veins artery

arterioles
venules arterioles
capillaries

venules

veins

23
HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART  The heart
- is a hollow muscular organ
- about the size of your fist,
- located in the center of your chest
between the lungs.
- It is a double pump that pumps on
the left and right sides. .

HEARTBEAT
Contraction and relaxation of the
HEART muscle .
NORMAL : 60 – 100 beats per minute
HEART MAIN PARTS of the HEART
 4 CHAMBERS OF THE HEART

 ATRIA / RIGHT & LEFT ATRIUM


– receiving or collecting chambers of the
heart
- thin walled chambers that receive blood
from the veins.

 RIGHT & LEFT VENTRICLES


– pumping chambers
– thick walled chambers which pump blood
out of the body through the arteries.
 SEPTUM
– located between the left and right chambers
of the heart that prevents the mixing of
blood in the heart.

 VALVE
 Prevents back flow of the blood
 allows blood to flow in only one direction. 
EX.
MITRAL VALVE
TRICUSPID VALVE
PULMONARY VALVE
AORTIC VALVE
MAIN PARTS of the HEART
Blood Vessels
• As blood moves through the
circulatory system it moves
through 3 types of blood vessels:
– Arteries: Carry blood away from
the heart .
– Capillaries: Link arterioles to
veins.
– Veins: Carry blood towards the
heart

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved


© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
Blood
Red Blood
Cells
Blood has 3 main
Functions
– Transport
White Blood
– Protection
Cells
– Temperature
Plasma Regulation
Platelets

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved


Blood
• Composed of plasma and blood
cells
• Types of Cells are:
–Red Blood Cells
–White Blood Cells
–Platelets

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved


Blood
 Plasma
Straw colored
 90% water

 10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones,

wastes, and proteins.


 Red Blood Cells
 Most numerous type
 Transport oxygen
 Get color from hemoglobin
 Disk shaped
 Made in red bone marrow
 Circulate for 120 days

© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved


Blood
• White Blood Cells
– Guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack
bacteria
– Number of WBC’s increases when body is fighting

 Platelets
 Aid the body in clotting
 Small fragments
 Stick to edges of broken blood cell and secrete
clotting factor to help form clot.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
36

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