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Nervous and Endocrine System

The nervous system consists of neurons which are the basic functional units of the brain. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. The brain contains several regions that control important functions like the amygdala which controls the fight or flight response, the prefrontal cortex which controls executive functions, and the hippocampus which helps form new memories. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is divided into left and right hemispheres which control opposite sides of the body. The cerebellum coordinates movement while the brain stem controls basic functions and connects the brain to the spinal cord.

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Marc Andreo Malala
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39 views

Nervous and Endocrine System

The nervous system consists of neurons which are the basic functional units of the brain. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. The brain contains several regions that control important functions like the amygdala which controls the fight or flight response, the prefrontal cortex which controls executive functions, and the hippocampus which helps form new memories. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is divided into left and right hemispheres which control opposite sides of the body. The cerebellum coordinates movement while the brain stem controls basic functions and connects the brain to the spinal cord.

Uploaded by

Marc Andreo Malala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NERVOUS

AND ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM

Marc Andreo C. Malala, RN, MAN


“Neurostructural”
 Neurons – aka. Nerve cells
- the basic working/functional unit of the brain
- accounts for approximately 100 billion
 Central Nervous System
“Brain Regions”
■Amygdala —the brain's "fear hub," which
activates our natural "fight-or-flight" response to
confront or escape from a dangerous situation.
 The amygdala also appears to be involved in learning to
fear an event, such as touching a hot stove, and learning
not to fear, such as overcoming a fear of spiders.
 Studying how the amygdala helps create memories of
fear and safety may help improve treatments for 
anxiety disorders like phobias or 
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
■ Prefrontal cortex (PFC) —Seat of the
brain's executive functions, such as judgment, decision
making, and problem solving.
■ Different parts of the PFC are involved in using short-
term or "working" memory and in retrieving long-term
memories.
■ This area of the brain also helps to control the
amygdala during stressful events. Some research
shows that people who have PTSD or ADHD have
reduced activity in their PFCs.
■ Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) —
the ACC has many different roles, from controlling
blood pressure and heart rate to responding when we
sense a mistake, helping us feel motivated and stay
focused on a task, and managing proper emotional
reactions.

■ Reduced ACC activity or damage to this brain area


has been linked to disorders such as ADHD, 
schizophrenia, and depression.
■ Hippocampus —Helps create and file new
memories.
■ When the hippocampus is damaged, a person can't
create new memories, but can still remember past
events and learned skills, and carry on a conversation,
all which rely on different parts of the brain.
Cerebrum
■ “the largest area of the brain”
■ Divided into 2 Hemispheres:

- Left Hemisphere = controls the right side of the body;


center for logical reasoning and analytic functions (ex.
Reading , writing ,and mathematical tasks).
- Right hemisphere = controls the left side of the body;
center for creative thinking, intuition, and artistic abilities.
Cerebellum
 Center for coordination of movements & postural
adjustments

 Receives & integrates information from all areas of the body


(muscles, joints, organs, & other components of the CNS)

 Associated disorders include Parkinson’s disease &


Dementia !
Brain Stem
 includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
 the stem-like part of the base of the brain that is
connected to the spinal cord.
 controls the flow of messages between the brain and the
rest of the body.
 it also controls basic body functions such as breathing,
swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure, consciousness, and
whether one is awake or sleepy. 
 Associated with stress ,anxiety & impulsive behavior !

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