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Lecture22 Actual

This lecture covers shear design of reinforced concrete beams. It discusses the total shear resistance of beams without web reinforcement, which includes shear in the compression zone, aggregate interlock forces, and dowel action. It also discusses the shear strength provided by concrete, including the effects of longitudinal reinforcement ratio, shear span-to-depth ratio, member size, and axial forces. The lecture reviews the function and strength of web reinforcement, and provides the design procedure for sizing shear reinforcement, including calculating the required shear strength provided by stirrups. It also discusses design requirements for stirrup anchorage and spacing.

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42 views36 pages

Lecture22 Actual

This lecture covers shear design of reinforced concrete beams. It discusses the total shear resistance of beams without web reinforcement, which includes shear in the compression zone, aggregate interlock forces, and dowel action. It also discusses the shear strength provided by concrete, including the effects of longitudinal reinforcement ratio, shear span-to-depth ratio, member size, and axial forces. The lecture reviews the function and strength of web reinforcement, and provides the design procedure for sizing shear reinforcement, including calculating the required shear strength provided by stirrups. It also discusses design requirements for stirrup anchorage and spacing.

Uploaded by

cecdesign09
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 22 - Shear Design

March 6, 2002
CVEN 444
Lecture Goals

• Shear design
Shear Strength of RC Beams
without Web Reinforcement
Total Resistance = vcz + vay + vd (when no stirrups are used)
vcz - shear in compression
zone
va - Aggregate Interlock
forces
vd = Dowel action from
longitudinal bars
Note: vcz increases from
(V/bd) to (V/by) as crack
forms.
Strength of Concrete in Shear
(No Shear Reinforcement)
(1) Tensile Strength of concrete affect inclined
cracking load
Strength of Concrete in Shear
(No Shear Reinforcement)
(2) Longitudinal Reinforcement Ratio, w
As
w   restrains cracks
bw d
for 0.0075   w  0.0025 : Vc  2 f cbw d
Strength of Concrete in Shear
(No Shear Reinforcement)
(3) Shear span to depth ratio, a/d (M/(Vd))

a Deep shear spans


 2  more detail design
d required
a
 2  Ratio has little
d effect
Strength of Concrete in Shear
(No Shear Reinforcement)

(4) Size of Beam


Increase Depth Reduced shear stress at
inclined cracking
Strength of Concrete in Shear
(No Shear Reinforcement)

(5) Axial Forces


- Axial tension Decreases inclined cracking load
- Axial Compression Increases inclined cracking
load (Delays flexural
cracking)
Function and Strength of Web
Reinforcement
Function: Web Reinforcement is provided to ensure that
the full flexural capacity can be developed.
(desired a flexural failure mode - shear failure
is brittle)
- Acts as “clamps” to keep shear cracks from
widening
Function and Strength of Web
Reinforcement
• Uncracked Beam Shear is resisted uncracked
concrete.
• Flexural Cracking Shear is resisted by vcz, vay, vd

Vcz  Shear in compression zone


Vay  Vertical component of Aggregate Interlock force
Vd  Dowl Action from longitudinal bars.
Function and Strength of Web
Reinforcement
• Flexural Cracking Shear is resisted by
vcz, vay, vd and vs

Vs increases as cracks
widen until yielding of
stirrups then stirrups
provide constant
resistance.
Designing to Resist Shear
Shear Strength (ACI 318 Sec 11.1)

Vn  Vu
capacity  demand
Vu  factored shear force at section
Vn  Nominal Shear Strength
  0.85  shear   strength reduction factor
Designing to Resist Shear
Shear Strength (ACI 318 Sec 11.1)

Vn  Vc  Vs

Vc  Nominal shear resistance provided by concrete

Vs  Nominal shear provided by the shear reinforcement


Shear Strength Provided by Concrete
Bending only Table 5.13.1
Simple formula Vc  2 f c bw d
Eqn [11.3]
 3.5 f c bw d

More detailed   V d 
  u 
Vc  1.9 f c  2500  w    bw d
Note: 
V d    M u 
 u  1 Eqn [11.6]
   3.5 f c bw d
 Mu 
Shear Strength Provided by Concrete
Bending and Axial Compression
Simple formula
 
 Nu 
Vc  2 1   f c bw d
Nu is positive for  2000 A 
 g  Eqn [11.4]
compression and Nu/Ag
are in psi. Nu
 3.5 f c bw d 1 
500 Ag
Eqn [11.8]
Shear Strength Provided by Concrete
Bending and Axial Compression
More detailed  4h  d 
Mm  M u  Nu  
 
 8 
Nu is positive for Use Mm in Eqn [11.6] with no limits
compression and Nu/Ag Nu
are in psi. Vc  3.5 f c bw d 1 
500 Ag
Eqn [11.8]
Shear Strength Provided by Concrete
Bending and Axial Tension
Simple formula
Vc  0
Design shear reinforcement for all shear.
Nu is negative for
tension and Nu/Ag  
 Nu 
are in psi. Vc  2 1   f c bw d
 500 A 
 g 
Eqn [11.9]
Lightweight Concrete:
Shear Strength Provided by Shear Reinforcement
Minimum Shear Reinforcement: (11.5.5)
1
Re quired when Vu   Vc
2
Except  a  Slabs & Footings
 b  Concrete Joist Construction (defined 8.11)
 10"

 c  Beams with h  larger of  2.5 t f
1/2 b
 w
Lightweight Concrete:
Shear Strength Provided by Shear Reinforcement
(1) Can substitute f ct / 6.7  f c for fc

(2) Can substitute 0.75 f c for f c for all lightweight


concrete
or 0.85 f c for f c for standard weight
concrete
Vc for lightweight concrete 11.2
fct -splitting tensile strength
Lightweight Concrete:
Shear Strength Provided by Shear Reinforcement
bw s
Av  min   50  b w , s in inches
fy
(provides additional 50 psi of shear strength)
Note:
f y  60000 psi for stirrups
Typical Shear Reinforcement
Stirrup - perpendicular to axis of members
(minimum labor - more material)

Av f y d  sin   cos  
Vs 
s
ACI Eqn 11-15
Av f y d
  90  Vs 
o

s
Typical Shear Reinforcement
Bent Bars (more labor - minimum material) see req’d
in 11.5.6

Av f y d  sin   cos  
Vs 
s
ACI 11-5.6
1.41Av f y d
  45  Vs 
o

s
Stirrup Anchorage Requirements

Vs based on assumption stirrups yield


 Stirrups must be well anchored.
Stirrup Anchorage Requirements
Refer to Sec. 12.12 of ACI 318 for development of web
reinforcement. Requirements:
• each bend must enclose a long bar
• # 5 and smaller can use standard hooks 90o,135o, 180o
• #6, #7,#8( fy = 40 ksi )
• #6, #7,#8 ( fy > 40 ksi ) standard hook plus a minimum
embedment
Stirrup Anchorage Requirements

Also sec. 7.11 requirement for minimum stirrups


in beams with compression reinforcement,
beams subject to stress reversals, or beams
subject to torsion
Design Procedure for Shear
(1) Calculate Vu
(2) Calculate Vc Eqn 11-3 or 11-5 (no axial force)
(3) Check
1  If yes, add web reinforcement (go to 4)
Vu  Vc  
2  If no, done.
Design Procedure for Shear
1
(4) If Vc  Vu  Vc  Provide minimum
2 shear reinforcement

bw s  Av f ys 
Av  min   50  or smax  for min Av 
fy  50bw 

Also: d
smax   24" 11.5.4 
(Done) 2
Design Procedure for Shear
(5) If Vu  Vc ,  calulate Vs (req' d)
Vu  Vn  Vc  Vs
Vu
 Vs  Vu  Vc  Vs   Vc

Check:
Vs  8 f c bw d  otherwise, illegal 11.5.4 
Design Procedure for Shear
(6) Solve for required stirrup spacing(strength)
Assume # 3, #4, or #5 stirrups

Av f ys d
s from 11-15

Vs
Design Procedure for Shear
(7) Check minimum steel requirement (eqn 11-13)

Av f ys
smax 
50bw
Design Procedure for Shear
(8) Check maximum spacing requirement (ACI 11.5.4)
d
If Vs  4 f c bw d  smax   24"
2
d
If Vs  4 f c bw d  smax   12"
4
Note : If Vs  8 f c bw d  illegal
Design Procedure for Shear
(9) Use smallest spacing from steps 6,7,8

Note: A practical limit to minimum stirrup


spacing is 4 inches.
Location of Maximum Shear for
Beam Design
Non-pre-stressed members:
Sections located less than a distance d from face of
support may be designed for same shear, Vu, as the
computed at a distance d.

Compression fan carries


load directly into support.
Location of Maximum Shear for
Beam Design
When:
1. The support reaction introduces compression
into the end regions of the member.
2. No concentrated load occurs with in d from
face of support .
Location of Maximum Shear for
Beam Design

Compression from support at bottom of


beam tends to close crack at support
Example: Design of Stirrups to Resist Shear
From flexural design:

fc = 4000 psi
fy = 60 ksi
wsdl = 1.2 k/ft
will use either a #3 or #4 stirrup wll = 1.8 k/ft
fys = 40 ksi
wb = 0.5 k/ft

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