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QEE Review: Day 3: Chemistry Physics

This document provides an overview of physics concepts related to kinematics, Newton's laws of motion, work, energy, momentum, circular motion, properties of matter, heat transfer, waves, electricity, and more. It defines key terms and equations for each topic in bullet points.

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77 views

QEE Review: Day 3: Chemistry Physics

This document provides an overview of physics concepts related to kinematics, Newton's laws of motion, work, energy, momentum, circular motion, properties of matter, heat transfer, waves, electricity, and more. It defines key terms and equations for each topic in bullet points.

Uploaded by

kangkong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QEE Review: Day 3

Chemistry
Physics
Physics
KINEMATICS
Kinematics
• Description of motion, as opposed to
Dynamics, causes of motion
Kinematics Equations
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
Kinematics Equations: Free Fall
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION
First Law
• Law of Inertia
– Absence of unbalanced forces
– Tendency of body to remain in motion when in
motion or remain at rest when at rest
Second Law
• Law of Acceleration
– Acceleration of an object is directly proportional
to the net forces acting on it but inversely
proportional to its mass
Third Law
• Law of Interaction
– All forces exist in pairs (Duality)
– If one object A exerts a force on a second object
B, then B simultaneously exerts a force
and
FRICTION
Friction defined
• Resistance to motion
• Several types of friction
– Dry friction (static and kinetic frictions)
– Fluid friction
– Lubricated friction
– Skin friction
– Internal friction
Laws of Dry Friction
• Amonton’s First Law
– The force of friction is directly proportional to the
applied load
• Amonton’s Second Law
– The force of friction is independent of the
apparent area of contact
• Coulomb’s Law of Friction
– Kinetic friction is independent of sliding velocity
Formula

• Where:
– is the normal force, perpendicular to the
plane
– is the coefficient of friction
• for static friction
• for kinetic friction
WORK, POWER, AND ENERGY
Work and Power
• Work
– Work is done when a force is applied on an object
and the object moves in the direction of the force

• Power
– Rate of work, or rate of amount of energy
consumed
Energy
• Kinetic Energy
– Energy in motion

• Potential Energy
– Energy stored; energy due to position
MOMENTUM AND IMPULSE
Momentum
• Impetus of an object

• Total Linear Momentum


Impulse
• Change in momentum of a body
CIRCULAR MOTION
Formulae
• Angular speed

• Tangential speed

• Tangential acceleration

• Radial aceleration
Some attributes of matter
• Density – compactness; specific mass

• Specific weight – distribution of weight

• Specific gravity – ratio of densities


Stress and Strain
• Stress – deformation

• Strain – change in dimension


Modulus
• Proportionality of stress and strain
• Young’s modulus – tensile stress and strain

• Shear modulus – shear stress and strain

• Bulk modulus – bulk stress and strain


Pressure
• Force applied in a given area

• Liquid pressure (gauge pressure)

• Atmospheric pressure
Fluids
• Fluid statics – fluid at rest
• Fluid dynamics – fluid in motion
• Bernoulli’s principle
flow rate (1) = flow rate (2)
Heat and Temperature
• Heat – energy
• Temperature – measure of hotness or
coldness/”speed” of molecule
• Temperature scales
o Celsius – Anders Celsius
o Fahrenheit – Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
o Kelvin – William Thomson
o Rankine – William John Macquorn Rankine
o Reaumur – Rene Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur
Conversion of Temp. Scales
Thermal Expansion
• Law of Thermal Expansion
– All objects, when heated, expand; when cooled,
contract
– Except water
Heat Transfer
• Conduction – direct contact
• Convection – currents
• Radiation – through space
Phase Change
Heat and Latent Heat
• Heat

• Latent heat – amount of heat needed to


change its phase without changing
temperature
– Heat of Vaporisation
– Heat of Condensation
Law of Heat Exchange
Caloorimetry
• Method of mixing substances
• Uses a calorimeter cup
Waves
• Wave pulse – one
• Wave train – continuous
• Transports energy
Types of Waves
• According to Propagation
o Transverse – perpendicular to motion of particles
o Longitudinal – parallel to motion of particles
• According to Nature
o Mechanical – needs medium
o Electromagnetic – may or may not have medium
Properties of Waves
• Reflections – bouncing back of waves
• Refraction – bending of waves upon entering
another medium
• Diffraction – bending of waves around corners
• Interference – mixing of two waves as they
enter one medium
o Constructive – creates bigger waves
o Destructive – creates smaller waves or none at all
Law of Refraction
• The incident ray, the refracted ray, and the
nominal line lie in one plane
o Incident ray – from source of light
o Refracted ray – bent ray inside second medium
If light travels from less dense to
optically denser material
If light travels from optically denser
material to optically less dense material
Snell’s Law
• By Willebrord Snell
• The ratio of the sines of the angles of
incidence and refraction is equivalent to the
reciprocal of the ratio of the indices of
refraction
Total Internal Reflection
• Light does not escape medium after it enters
Types of Mirrors
• Plane mirror
– Same physical appearance
– Laterally reversed
– Same distance
– Virtual image
Electricity
• Charges
– Positively charged -> deficiency of electrons
– Negatively charged -> excess of electrons
• Electrostatics – at rest
• Electrodynamics – in motion
Law of Charges
• Like charges repel
• Unlike charges attract
Charges

– Where
• q – charge
• n – number of deficient/excess electrons
• e – charge of electron ->
Ways of Charging
• Friction
• Conduction or Contact
• Induction

– The latter two needs charging body. However:


• Conduction requires contact and produces same charge
• Induction does not require contact and produces
opposite charge
Electric Force
• Coulomb’s Law
– Charles Augustine de Coulomb
– Electric force between two particles is directly
proportional to the product of the two charges
and inversely proportional to the square of their
distances
– In equation:
Electric Field

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