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Counselli NG in Hiv/Aids: Presented By-Bhawna Joshi Msc. N 2 Tear SNSR

The document provides information about counseling for HIV/AIDS. It discusses what HIV/AIDS is, how it is transmitted from mother to child, treatments available, and types of HIV tests. It also covers the objectives, skills, stages, principles, and contents of HIV counseling. Counselors must build rapport, clarify problems, provide information and support, and help clients develop coping strategies. Counseling aims to prevent transmission, improve quality of life, and help clients adjust to their HIV status.

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Bhawna Joshi
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232 views30 pages

Counselli NG in Hiv/Aids: Presented By-Bhawna Joshi Msc. N 2 Tear SNSR

The document provides information about counseling for HIV/AIDS. It discusses what HIV/AIDS is, how it is transmitted from mother to child, treatments available, and types of HIV tests. It also covers the objectives, skills, stages, principles, and contents of HIV counseling. Counselors must build rapport, clarify problems, provide information and support, and help clients develop coping strategies. Counseling aims to prevent transmission, improve quality of life, and help clients adjust to their HIV status.

Uploaded by

Bhawna Joshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COUNSELLI

NG IN
HIV/AIDS
PRESENTED BY-
BHAWNA JOSHI
MSC. N 2ND TEAR
SNSR
HIV/AIDS

 HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency


Virus. AIDS stands for Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS is a result of the
development of the HIV virus into a more
serious condition. AIDS was first recognised
by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention in 1981 and its cause, HIV,
identified in the early 1980s.
UNDERSTANDING HIV
• There is no cure for HIV or AIDS, but there are
treatments that can slow down the disease, and help
prevent the onset of AIDS. It takes around ten years
for someone with HIV to develop AIDS, but it can
be prevented with early detection and treatment of
the HIV
•
PREVENTION OF MOTHER TO CHILD
TRANSMISSION

• An HIV-positive mother can pass HIV on to her baby


• any time during pregnancy, labor, delivery and
breastfeeding, so the transmission of the virus must
be blocked at each stage.
• Current World Health Organization guidelines
recommend that HIV-positive pregnant mothers
should go on a regimen of three antiretroviral
drugs (ARVs) as soon as possible and stay on these
drugs until their infants are born and breastfeeding
has concluded. Ideally, the mothers themselves
will also remain on treatment once breastfeeding
has concluded, for their own health.
IMPACt
• As soon as the infant is born, the baby should be
given nevirapine — a very inexpensive drug —
daily for six weeks.
• The infant should be formula-fed rather than
breastfed if possible, but it’s recognized that
formula feeding is both expensive and difficult to
do safely in resource-limited settings.
• As such, if the mother cannot formula-feed her
child, it is recommended that the mother should
breastfeed her child exclusively for six months
while continuing to take her ARVs.
• this regimen can reduce transmission of HIV to
their babies by an amazing 95 percent or more.
treAtMent FOr HIV AnD AIDS
HAART
There is treatment available for HIV which will slow
down the progression of the virus, allowing
people to lead a normal live. This treatment is
called highly active antiretroviral therapy
(HAART), and is a combination of medicines
administered in two or three pills to be taken
once or twice daily.

They will also need to have regular blood tests to


monitor the HIV.
DeFInItIOn

cOUnSelIng SkIllS
PrOPerly USeD Are tOOlS tO
HelP InDIVIDUAlS Seek AnD
FInD tHeIr Own
SOlUtIOnS tO tHe
DIleMMAS tHey FAce.
TYPES OF HIV TESTS
Antibody Tests: The most common HIV tests look for HIV antibodies in your body, rather than
looking for HIV itself:
 Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests use blood, oral fluid, or urine to detect
• HIV antibodies. Results for these tests can take up to two weeks.
 Rapid HIV antibody tests also use blood, oral fluid, or urine to detect HIV
• antibodies. Results for these tests can take 10–20 minutes.
 If you get a positive result from either of these tests, you will need to take
• another test, called a Western blot test, to confirm that result. It can take up
to two weeks to confirm a positive result.

Antigen Tests
These tests are not as common as antibody tests, but they can be used to diagnose HIV
infection earlier—from 1-3 weeks after you are first infected with HIV. Antigen tests require a
• blood sample.
PCR Test (Polymerase chain reaction test)
This test detects the genetic material of HIV itself, and can identify HIV in the blood within 2- 3 weeks of
infection.
Babies born to HIV-positive mothers are tested with a special PCR test, because their blood contains their
mother's HIV antibodies for several months. This means they would test HIV- positive on a standard
antibody test—but a PCR test can determine whether the babies have HIV themselves.
Blood supplies in most developed countries are screened for HIV using PCR tests. PCR tests are also
used to measure viral loads for people who are HIV-positive.
WHY IS COunSElIng
nECESSarY?

• Because infection with HIV is life long


• To cope with HIV positive status and live a
meaningful life
• To adjust and to learn about change in
one’s life style in order to reduce risk of
contracting HIV infection
ObjECTIVES

• To provide psycho-social support


• To prevent transmission of HIV infection
• To improve quality of life of HIV infected
people
• To provide risk assessment for people who
are potentially at risk of contracting HIV
infection
WHOm TO COunSEl

• Self motivated counseling seekers


• Persons seeking HIV tests
• HIV positive persons
• High Risk Behavior Groups
• Family Members
• Employers
• Health professionals
• People unaware of risks
CHaraCTErISTICS OF a
COunSElOr
• Committed
• Open minded
• Non judgmental
• Sense of responsibility
• Patient listener
• Tolerant
• Attentive
• Informed
• Positive body language
SkIllS rEquIrEd In
COunSElIng

• Excellent communication skills


• Ability to judge state of mind of a person
• Quick empathetic response
• Focused
• Reflection of feeling
• Questioning
• Paraphrasing
SkIllS rEquIrEd In
COunSElIng

• Respectful
• Structuring and prioritization
• Help to formulate strategies
• Help develop coping mechanisms
STagES OF COunSElIng

1. Risk assessment counseling


2. Pre test counseling
3. Post test counseling
4. Follow up counseling
Negative result Positive Result
• If the initial HIV test comes
back positive, they will
• a negative result may not always be accurate. automatically be offered a
It depends on when client might have been confirmatory test. If the
exposed to HIV and when they took the test. confirmatory test is also
• It takes time for seroconversion to occur. This positive, the client will be
is when body begins to produce the antibodies diagnosed as “HIV- positive.”
an HIV test is looking for— anywhere from 2 • At this point, Discuss
weeks to 6 months after infection. So if client • what having HIV means for
had an HIV test with a negative result within patient and their health.
3 months of thier last possible exposure to • informed about how the virus
HIV, the CDC recommends that you be can affect .
retested 3 • how to protect others from
 months after that first screening test. becoming infected.
• A negative result is only accurate if they have • informed about resources
had any risks for HIV infection in the last 6 and treatments available
months—and a negative result is only good • Finally referred to a medical
for past exposure. If they get a negative test professional for follow-up
result, but continue to engage in high-risk treatment.
behaviors, they are still at risk for HIV
infection.
PrinciPles of
counseling

• Unconditional positive regard for the client


• Trust and confidentiality
• Empathy
• Time
stePs in counseling

• Rapport building
• Gaining trust
• Explaining limits
• Problem identification
• Discuss options
• Take action
• Follow up
role of counselor

Advocacy role
Health education
Referral
Clinical and
therapeutic role
contents of
counseling

Contents of counseling will depend on the ability


of the client to grasp. It’s a dynamic process.
The counselor must be able to assess the
clients need and state of mind quickly.

However, following components should be


incorporated in all counseling scenarios:
contents of
counseling
• The need to prevent infection and re
infection
• Basic information about HIV infection and
associated diseases
• Review of possible sources of client’s
infection
• Methods of safe sex including
condom use
• Exploration of obstacles to change of
behavior
Contents of
Counseling

• Information about what HIV testing can and


cannot do.
• Coping with HIV test results.
• Need to tell the HIV status of the client to
the key persons in his/her life.
• Handling hostility, fear, violence,
depression, suicidal tendencies etc.
Working goals of HiV
Counseling
Forming a helping relationship
Clarifying and addressing problems
Establishing personal goals
Providing information on alternative resources
Selection of realistic alternatives
Stimulation of motivation and decision making
Helping client to develop competence
Recognizing and diagnosing signs of psychological
distress and providing support
Possible reaCtions to a PositiVe
test result
• Fear • Anger
• Sense of loss • Anxiety
• Grief • Stress
• Guilt • Shock
• Denial • Loss of self esteem
• Depression • Suicide
sPeCial situations in HiV
Counseling

A. Pregnant women
B. Childless couples
C. Breast feeding positive mothers
D. Spouse and family members of HIV infected
persons
some Common
Counseling errors
a. Directing and leading
b. Being judgmental and evaluating
c. Moralizing, preaching and patronizing
d. Unwarranted reassurance
e. Not accepting the client’s feeling
f. Interrogating
g. Encouraging dependencies
aids a Wareness
These are just some of the days that promote HIV/AIDS
awareness
National Black HIV/AIDS awareness day every February
7th.
·National Women’s and Girls HIV/AIDS awareness day
every March 10th.
· National Native American HIV/AIDS awareness day
every
May 20th.
· HIV vaccine awareness day every May 18th.
·National Asian and Pacific Islanders HIV/AIDS awareness
day every May 19th.
·National Caribbean HIV/AIDS awareness day every June
8th.
· National HIV testing day every June 27th.
·National Latino HIV/AIDS awareness day every October
15th.

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