Unit 12: Down to Earth

Grammar: Participle Clauses

Sovannaphumi School

Group members:
• Chann Vechert
• Yem Morokoth
• Luy Kimchheng
 Content
• Introduction (Chann Vechert)
• Body
 Present participle clauses (Chann Vechert)
 Past participle clauses (Luy Kimchheng)
 Present perfect participle clauses (Yem Morokoth)
• Conclusion (Yem Morokoth)
 Participle Clauses
Definition: A participle clause is a dependent clause which uses
a participle form of a verb.

Participle Clauses

Present Perfect Participle

Present Participle Clauses
Clauses
Past Participle Clauses
 Present Participle Clauses
Uses:
 To give the result of an action.
 The original: After the bomb exploded, it destroyed the buildings.
Example: The bomb exploded, destroying the buildings.

 To give the reason for the an action. Present Participle

 The original: Before Tom bought him a book, Tom knew he loved
reading.
Example: Knowing he loved reading, Tom bought him a book.

Present Participle
 To talk about an action that happened at the same time as another action.
 The Original: I realized I didn’t bring my wallet, while I was waiting for John.
Example: Waiting for John, I realized I didn’t bring my wallet.

 To add information about the subject of the main clause.

Present Participle
 The Original: The new policy that ban cars in the city center will start in
the new year.
Example: Starting in the new year, the new policy ban cars
in the city center.
Note:
Present Participle
 Present participles have a similar meaning to active verbs.
 Past Participle Clauses
Uses:
 With a similar meaning to an if condition.
 The Original: If participles was used in this way, it can make your writing
more concise.
Example: Used in this way, participles can make your writing more concise.
 To give the reason for an action.
Past Participle
 The Original: He was worried by the news and called the 911.
Example: Worried by the news, he called 911.

Past Participle
 To add information about the subject of the main clause.
 The Original: He was filled with excitement and walked towards the
stage.
Example: Filled with excitement, he walked towards the stage.
Note: Past participles
Past Participle
normally have a passive meaning.
 Present Perfect Participle Clauses
Use:
 Perfect participle clauses show that the action they describe was finished
before the action in the main clause.
 The Original: After he had got dressed, he slowly went downstairs.
Example: Having got dressed, he slowly went downstairs.

Note: Perfect Present Perfect

participles canParticiple
be structured to make an active or passive
meaning.
Active: having + Verb3
Passive: having been+ Verb3
Example: Having been given a new car, I was afraid to drive it.
 Conclusion
Present participle clauses:
 To give the result of an action.
 To give the reason for the an action.
 To talk about an action that happened at the same time as another action.
 To add information about the subject of the main clause.
Past participle clauses:
 With a similar meaning to an if condition.
 To give the reason for an action.
 To add information about the subject of the main clause.
Present perfect participle clauses:
 Perfect participle clauses show that the action they describe was finished
before the action in the main clause.
Note:
 It is also common for participle clauses, especially with -ing, to follow
conjunctions and prepositions such as before, after, instead
of, on, since, when, while and in spite of.
Example: Before cooking, you should wash your hands. 
 Reference
https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/intermediate-to-upp
er-intermediate/participle-clauses#:~:text=Participle%20clauses%20e
nable%20us%20to,having%20walked%2C%20etc
.).
 Exercise
I. Select the correct answer.
1. ___ by the changing information, they thought the plane was
cancelled.
• Confusing
• Confused
• Having confused
2. ___ at a low temperature, these jeans will keep their original colour for
a long time.
• Washing
• Washed
• Having washed
3. __ the paper, he saw the news about his hometown.
• Reading
• Read
• Having read
4. ___ by a local architect and artist, the house combines traditional
materials with original design.
• Building
• Built
• Having built
5. ___ in India for two years, Kaleem could speak some Hindi.
• Living
• Lived
• Having lived
6. ___ in prisons throughout her twenties, she wrote her first play about
life behind bars.
• After working
• Worked
• Having been worked
7. ___ through the woods, they found a bird with a broken wing.
• Walking
• Walked
• Having walked
8. ___ for the final interview, the candidates were asked to prepare a
short presentation.
• Selecting
• Selected
• Having been selected
II. Fill in the blank with the correct form.

1.A woman_____(wear) a blue hat opened the door.

2.Champagne,_____(produced) in France, is exported all over
the world.
3.My sister works in a bakery_____(make) cakes.
4.A million dollars worth of jewelry_____(belong) to the
President's wife has been stolen.
5.Pictures_____(paint) by Picasso usually sell for millions of
pounds.
6.A lorry_____(carry) fruit crashed on the motorway.
7.This is a vegetarian restaurant. None of the
dishes_____(serve) here contain meat or fish.
8.The Harry Potter books,_____(write) by JK Rowling, have all
been made into films.
 Answer
I. Select the correct answer.
1. ___________ by the changing information, they thought the plane was
cancelled.
• Confusing
 Confused
• Having confused
2. ___ at a low temperature, these jeans will keep their original colour for
a long time.
• Washing
 Washed
• Having washed
3. __ the paper, he saw the news about his hometown.
 Reading
• Read
• Having read
4. ___ by a local architect and artist, the house combines traditional
materials with original design.
• Building
 Built
• Having built
5. ___ in India for two years, Kaleem could speak some Hindi.
• Living
• Lived
 Having lived
6. ___ in prisons throughout her twenties, she wrote her first play about
life behind bars.
 After working
• Worked
• Having been worked
7. ___ through the woods, they found a bird with a broken wing.
 Walking
• Walked
• Having walked
8. ___ for the final interview, the candidates were asked to prepare a
short presentation.
• Selecting
• Selected
 Having been selected
II. Fill in the blank with the correct form.

1.A woman wearing(wear) a blue hat opened the door.

2.Champagne, produced(produce) in France, is exported all over
the world.
3.My sister works in a baker making(make) cakes.
4.A million dollars worth of jewelry belonging(belong) to the
President's wife has been stolen.
5.Pictures painted(paint) by Picasso usually sell for millions of
pounds.
6.A lorry carrying(carry) fruit crashed on the motorway.
7.This is a vegetarian restaurant. None of the dishes
served(serve) here contain meat or fish.
8.The Harry Potter books, written(write) by JK Rowling, have all
been made into films.