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Objective: Topic:ISOTOPES

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This gives them slightly different physical properties, though their chemical properties are the same. The mass number of an isotope is the total number of protons and neutrons, while the atomic number remains the same as it only counts the number of protons. Not all isotopes of the same element have the same mass, as the number of neutrons can vary between isotopes of an element. Radioactive isotopes are unstable and undergo nuclear decay over time.

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24 views

Objective: Topic:ISOTOPES

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This gives them slightly different physical properties, though their chemical properties are the same. The mass number of an isotope is the total number of protons and neutrons, while the atomic number remains the same as it only counts the number of protons. Not all isotopes of the same element have the same mass, as the number of neutrons can vary between isotopes of an element. Radioactive isotopes are unstable and undergo nuclear decay over time.

Uploaded by

MD. ARIFUL ISLAM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Topic :ISOTOPES

Objective

Define nucleon number


Define and state isotope of same atoms with
different nucleon number
ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Atomic number
2

H
the number of protons in an atom

Atomic mass
the number of protons and
4
neutrons in an atom

number of electrons = number of protons


Interpreting Chemical Symbol
Mass=P+N mass number
16
(nucleon number)

O
chemical symbol
mass number is the total
number of protons and neutrons
in an atom.
Number of neutrons in
the oxygen atom is: 16 – 8 8
= 8.
proton number
(atomic number)

atomic number (proton number) is the number


P=E of protons in an atom.
No. of Each oxygen atom has 8 protons.
protons= no.
of electrons As the number of electrons is equal to the number
of protons in an atom, each oxygen atom contains 8
4
electrons.
Definition of Isotopes

Isotopes are atoms of the same


element which contains the same
number of protons but different
number of neutrons.
Isotopes

Isotopes have the same chemical


properties but slightly different
physical properties
Q. Do all isotopes of the same element have the
same mass?
Isotopes of Some Elements and Their
Atomic Mass
The atomic mass of an element
• is listed below the symbol of each element on
the periodic table.
• Gives the mass of an “average” atom of each
element compared to 12C.

10
24
Mg = 23.99 amu x 78.70/100 = 18.88 amu
25
Mg = 24.99 amu x 10.13/100 = 2.531 amu
26Mg = 25.98 amu x 11.17/100 = 2.902 amu

Atomic mass (average mass) Mg = 24.31 amu

12
RADIO ISOTOPES
Radioactive decay

heat

Parent isotope Daughter isotope


Stable vs. Unstable
• A stable isotope does NOT
undergo radioactive (or nuclear)
decay.
• An unstable isotope undergoes
radioactive (or nuclear) decay.
Unstable isotopes are also known
as radioisotopes or radionucleides

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