Address Resolution Protocol

Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Foreword
 In order for data transmission to a network destination to be achieved it is
necessary to build association between the network layer and lower layer p
rotocols. The means by which the Address Resolution Protocol is used to b
uild this association and prevent the unnecessary generation of additional
broadcast traffic in the network should be clearly understood.

age 2 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Objectives
 Upon completion of this section, you will be able to:
 Explain how the MAC address is resolved using ARP.
 Explain the function of the ARP cache table.

age 3 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 ARP
IP: 10.1.1.1/24 IP : 10.1.1.2/24
MAC: 00-01-02-03-04-AA MAC: 00-01-02-03-04-BB

Host A Host B

ETH_II IP DATA FCS

Dest IP : 10.1.1.2
Source IP : 10.1.1.1

Dest MAC : UNKNOWN

Source MAC : 00-01-02-03-04-AA

 Data link forwarding relies on knowledge of the MAC address of the data li
nk layer destination.

age 4 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 ARP Format

Ethernet_II ARP FCS

0 15 31

Hardware Type Protocol Type

Hardware Protocol Length Operation Code

Length

Source Hardware Address

Source Protocol Address

Destination Hardware Address

Destination Protocol Address

 The ARP packet operates within the boundaries of the data link layer, as ca
n be understood by the absence of an IP header.

age 5 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 ARP Process
Host B

10.0.0.2
00-01-02-03-04-BB
Host A Host C

10.0.0.1 10.0.0.3
00-01-02-03-04-AA 00-01-02-03-04-CC

 Host A wishes to forward data to Host C, but must identify whether it is abl
e to reach the destination at the data link layer.

age 6 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 ARP Cache Lookup
Host B

10.0.0.2
00-01-02-03-04-BB
Host A Host C

10.0.0.1 10.0.0.3
00-01-02-03-04-AA 00-01-02-03-04-CC

Host A>arp -a

Internet Address Physical Address Type

age 7 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 ARP Request Process
Host B

10.0.0.2
00-01-02-03-04-BB
Host A Host C

10.0.0.1 10.0.0.3
00-01-02-03-04-AA 00-01-02-03-04-CC
S.MAC
D.MAC ARP
Dest IP: 10.0.0.3
FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF Source IP: 10.0.0.1
Dest MAC: 00-00-00-00-00-00
00-01-02-03-04-AA Source MAC: 00-01-02-03-04-AA
Operation Code: Request

age 8 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 ARP Reply Process
Host B

10.0.0.2
00-01-02-03-04-BB
Host A Host C

10.0.0.1 10.0.0.3
00-01-02-03-04-AA 00-01-02-03-04-CC

Host C>arp -a
Internet address Physical address Type
10.0.0.1 00-01-02-03-04-AA Dynamic

age 9 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 ARP Reply Process
Host B

10.0.0.2
00-01-02-03-04-BB
Host A Host C

10.0.0.1 10.0.0.3
00-01-02-03-04-AA 00-01-02-03-04-CC
S.MAC
D.MAC ARP
Dest IP : 10.0.0.1
Source IP : 10.0.0.3
00-01-02-03-04-AA Dest MAC : 00-01-02-03-04-AA
00-01-02-03-04-CC Source MAC : 00-01-02-03-04-CC
Operation Code: Reply

age 10 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page 10
 ARP Cache
Host B

10.0.0.2
00-01-02-03-04-BB
Host A Host C

10.0.0.1 10.0.0.3
00-01-02-03-04-AA 00-01-02-03-04-CC

Host A>arp -a
Internet address Physical address Type
10.0.0.3 00-01-02-03-04-CC Dynamic

age 11 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Proxy ARP
Proxy

G0/0/0 G0/0/1
10.1.0.2/16 10.2.0.2/16

Host A Host B
10.1.0.1/8 10.2.0.1/8
① ARP Request to 10.2.0.1

② ARP Request to 10.2.0.1

③ ARP Reply with MAC of Host B

④ ARP Reply with MAC of G0/0/0

 Proxy ARP enables data link discovery between networks.

 Proxy replies with own (G0/0/0) address on behalf of Host B.

age 12 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Gratuitous ARP

IP: 10.0.0.1/24
MAC: 00-01-02-03-04-AA

Host A

S.MAC
D.MAC ARP
Dest IP : 10.0.0.1
Source IP : 0.0.0.0
FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
Dest MAC : 00-00-00-00-00-00
00-01-02-03-04-AA Source MAC : 00-01-02-03-04-AA

 Duplicate IP addresses may be assigned in a single IP network.

 ARP can be used to discover IP address conflicts.

age 13 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Summary
 Prior to generating an ARP request, what action must be taken by an end statio
n?
 When are gratuitous ARP messages generated and propagated on the local net
work?

age 14 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Thank You
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