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Lecture 3

A computer system is composed of hardware components that work together to process data and information. The main components are the input devices, output devices, memory, and central processing unit. Input devices like the keyboard are used to input data. Output devices like monitors are used to output processed information. Memory, including RAM and storage drives, is used to store programs and data. The CPU processes the programs and data to produce information.

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101 views5 pages

Lecture 3

A computer system is composed of hardware components that work together to process data and information. The main components are the input devices, output devices, memory, and central processing unit. Input devices like the keyboard are used to input data. Output devices like monitors are used to output processed information. Memory, including RAM and storage drives, is used to store programs and data. The CPU processes the programs and data to produce information.

Uploaded by

Rizwan Sanny
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Hardware

Computer Hardware: Computer hardware are some physical components or rigid


objects of a computer system.
Example: Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Hard Disk etc.

A Computer system is divided into three main categories of hardware units. Those
are below:
 Input-Output units: Input devices (keyboard, mouse etc.) and output devices such
as monitor, printer etc.
 Memory units: Primary memory such as RAM, ROM and secondary memory such
as HD, CD, DVD etc.
 Processing unit: Central Processing Unit (CPU) or microprocessor.
Computer System

Question: What is a System? Is computer a system? Explain.

Answer: A system is an orderly group of interrelated and interdependent


components or units work together to perform some predefined tasks.

Example: Solar system, Digestive system , Computer system etc.

User Data Information


Input Unit CPU Output Unit
(Keyboard) (Processor) (Monitor)

Figure. Block diagram of a computer system (incomplete).

 Complete diagram - Stored Program Technique.


Organization of a Digital Computer

Secondary
Memory
(HD, CD, DVD )

Input Unit Primary Memory Output Unit


(Keyboard) (RAM) (Monitor)

CPU
(Processor)

Figure. Block diagram of the organization of a digital computer.


How a Program is Executed by a Digital Computer

P = Program
Secondary D = Data
Memory Ins = Instruction
(HD, CD, DVD ) Inf = Information

P, D Inf

Input Unit P, D Primary Memory Inf Output Unit


(Keyboard) (RAM) (Monitor)

Ins, D Inf

CPU
(Processor)

Figure. How a program is executed by a digital computer.


Discussion:

To execute a program, the program along with its data must be loaded into
primary memory RAM either directly from an input unit or from a secondary
memory. CPU then takes one instruction and its corresponding data from
RAM. Using that instruction the data is processed and information is
generated. The generated information is then stored back to RAM. Finally,
the information is sent to the output unit and/or saved in secondary memory
for future use.

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