TISSUE STRUCTURE AND

FUNCTION
Enter Your Tittle
 Tissue
• A group of cells similar in form, structure and embryonic ori
gin which coordinate to perform a specific function is called
a simple tissue,
• while a group of cells, different in their structure and function but co
ordinating to perform a specific function, is called a compound tissue
• Various tissues combine together in an orderly manner to form large f
unctional units called organs. Number of organs work in coordinati
on and give rise to organ-system.
• The branch of science that deals with the microscopic study of tissues
is called histology
 Tissue
• A collection of similar cells that perform a specialized
function
• 4 major types:
Epithelial Tissues
(a.k.a. Covering tissues. These tissues are present for
protection.)

Connective Tissues
(a.k.a. Supporting tissues. These tissues help in binding
different body structures.)

Muscular Tissues
(a.k.a. Contractile tissues. These tissues help in movements
and locomotion.)

Nervous Tissues
(a.k.a. Conducting tissues. These tissues help in
conduction of nerve impulses.)
 Epithelial Tissue

General position:
-It covers the outer surface of all the organs of the body and
also lines the cavities of all the hollow organs of the body.

• Example: skin, lining of capillaries and digestive tract

• Function:
– Prevent dehydration
– Reduce friction
 Epithelial Tissue

In its role as an interface tissue, epithelium acc

omplishes many functions, including:
1. Protection
2. Absorption
3. Filtration
4. Excretion
5. Secretion
6. Sensory Reception
Special Characteristics of Epithelium
Has many characteristics that distinguish them from other tissue types:
1. Cellularity:
Composed of closely packed cells with little extracellular material bet
ween
2. Specialized contacts:
Adjacent epithelial cells are bound together to form continuous sheet
s by specialized contacts such as desmosomes and tight junctions
3. Polarity:
Exhibits polarity by having an apical surface (upper free surface exp
osed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ)) and a lo
wer attached basal surface
All epithelia exhibit polarity, meaning that cell regions near the apical
surface differ from those near the basal surface in both structure and
function
 Epithelial Tissue
Structure:
- Cells are arranged in one or more layers.
- Cells are compactly arranged and there is no or very little intercellular materi
al (matrix) between them.
- Cells of the lowermost layer rest on thin, double layered, non-cellular, non-livin
g
basement membrane (or basal lamina)
- Cells may originate from any primary germ layer i.e. ectoderm (e.g. epidermis of skin),
mesoderm (e.g. coelomic i.e body cavity epithelium), endoderm (e.g. mid gut epitheliu
m).
- Cells are non-vascular or avascular, i.e. they lack their own blood supply. These cells
get their nutrition from the blood capillaries present in the underlying connective tis
sue.
- Cells have the power of division and regeneration throughout life. The old injured
dead cells are sloughed off (removed) regularly.
- Free surface of the cells may be smooth, or may have fine hair-like cilia or microvi
 Types of Epithelial Tissue
Simple Compound

1. Simple Squamous
1. Stratified
2. Simple Cuboidal
2. Transitional
3. Simple Columnar
a. Ciliated
b. Non- ciliated
4. Simple Gandular
5. Simple sensory
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPI
THELIUM
Origin:
- It is found in the peritoneum of coelom and
endothelium (i.e. lining of the blood
vessels).
-It is also found on the surface of the skin.
Structure:
- The cells are polygonal in shape, thin,
delicate and flat.
- The nucleus is centrally placed. They appear like
flat tiles when viewed from the top and so they
are also called pavement epithelium.
Functions:
- Filtration and diffusion of material.
- Protection of skin from micro-organisms
and foreign particles.
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL
EPITHELIUM
Origin:
-It is generally found in the thyroid gland and
kidney.
Structure:
-The cells are cube shaped, with centrally
placed round or spherical nucleus.
Functions:
-They play an important role in
absorption
and secretion.
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITH
ELIUM
Origin:
-It makes the inner lining of stomach,
intestine and other internal organs.
Structure:
- The cells are tall, pillar-like with anterior
free end that is broader than the posterior
narrow end resting on the basement
membrane.
- Nucleus is oval or elliptical and is placed
near the basal end
CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIU
M
Origin:
-It is found in the upper respiratory tract,
fallopian tube of vertebrates.
Structure:
- The cells are tall, pillar-like with anterior free
end that is broader than the posterior narrow
end resting on the basement membrane.
- The anterior free end shows presence of large
number of thin protoplasmic extension called
cilia, which are seen rising from the basal
granules.
-Nucleus is oval and placed at the basal end.
Functions:
-Since cilia are capable of vibratory movement,
they are able to remove foreign particles from the
surface. Cilia help in the movement of non-motile
ovum.
NON- CILIATED COLUM
NAR EPITHELIUM
Structure:
- These are without cilia at their anterior free
end and hence called non-ciliated columnar
epithelium.
- Columnar cells at their apical region show
presence of finger like protoplasmic
projections called microvilli.
Functions:
-Microvilli help in increasing the surface
area of absorption which is the main
function of
non-ciliated columnar epithelium.
SIMPLE GLANDULAR EP
ITHELIUM
- These are specialized epithelial cells
capable of synthesizing substances like
enzymes, hormones, sweat, oil, etc.
- These secretions are carried into ducts
(tubes) on the surface or into blood.
- The structure formed by these specialized
epithelial cells is commonly called a
GLAND

- Glands are further classified as:

a)Endocrine glands b)Exocrine
glands
SIMPLE GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
Endocrine Glands:
- These glands pour their secretion directly into the
blood stream. Such glands lack
ducts and are thus called ductless glands.
- e.g.: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, ovary, testi
s, adrenal, islets of Langerhans.
Exocrine Glands:
- These glands are with ducts. Their secretion is carried
by means of a duct or tube to the site of action. T
hey are responsible for body secretions.
- e.g.: tear glands, salivary glands, gastric and intestinal
glands.
Exocrine Glands
COMPOUND EPITHELIUM
1. STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM 2. TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
 CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Found everywhere in the body
It is the most abundant and widely distributed of the primary
tissues
Amounts vary in particular organs
Example:
Skin is primarily connective tissue
Brain has very little connective tissue
Four main classes and several subclasses:
1. Connective tissue proper:
Includes fat and fibrous tissue of ligaments
2. Cartilage
3. Bone tissue
4. Blood
Common Characteristics of Connective Tissue

1. Common origin: All connective tissue arises from an embryonic tissue cal
led mesenchyme

2. Degrees of vascularity: Connective tissue ranges from avascular (cartila

ge) to poorly vascularized (dense connective tissue) to highly vascularized

3. Extracellular matrix: Connective tissue is composed mainly of nonliving e

xtracellular matrix that separates the cells of the tissue
Enables connective tissue to withstand physical trauma
Connective Tissue Origins
 CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Connective tissue Fluid connective Skeletal connective
proper tissue tissue
1.Areolar 1. Cartilage
2.Adipose 1. Blood 2. Bone
3.White
fibrous
4.Yello
w
elasti
c
5.Reticu
Structural Elements of Connective Tissue

Three main elements:

Ground substance: extracellular matrix
Fibers: extracellular matrix
Cells
Properties of the cells and the composition and arrangement o
f extracellular matrix elements vary tremendously
Resulting in an amazing diversity of connective tissues
Matrix can be delicate and fragile (soft packing around an o
rgan) to rope-like (tendons and ligaments)
Structural Elements of Connective Tissue
Even though there are diverse types they still have a common
plan:
Prototype (model) used is areolar connective tissue
All other subclasses are simply variants of this common
tissue type
Connective Tissue Proper

Two Subclasses:
Loose Connective Tissue:
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

Dense Connective Tissue:

Dense Regular
Dense Irregular
Elastic
Except for bone, cartilage, and blood, all mature conn
ective tissues belong to this class
CONNECTIVE TIS
SUE
AREOLAR (LOOSE) CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Areolar (loose) connective tissue serves to bind body parts toget

her while allowing them to move freely over one another, wraps s
mall blood vessels and nerves, surrounds glands, and forms the
subcutaneous tissue
AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
DENSE (FIBROUS) CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Dense connective tissue is one of the two subclasses of conn
ective tissue proper;

Dense regular connective tissue contains closely packed bun

dles of collagen fibers running in the same direction and makes
up tendons and ligaments
Dense irregular connective tissue contains thick bundles of c
ollagen fibers arranged in an irregular fashion, and is found in t
he dermis
DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
 ADIPOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Origin:
- The adipose tissue is found in the subcutaneous
tissue (under the skin), in the covering of the heart
and around the blood vessels and kidneys.
- It also forms the yellow bone marrow.

Functions:
- Adipose tissue is primarily a food reserve.
- The subcutaneous fat prevents heat loss from the
body, particularly in polar animals and also rounds
off the body contour (shape).
- It forms a shock absorbing cushion around the
kidneys and the eyeballs.
- It also produces the blood corpuscles.
ADIPOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
ADIPOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
White Adipose Tissue:
- These appear opaque due to the presence
of a large number of adipocytes.
- It is commonly seen in adults.

Brown Adipose Tissue:

- These are reddish brown in colour due to
the large number of blood vessels.
- It is mostly found in developing foetus and
infants.
 RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Reticular connective tissue forms the internal framework of the lymph nodes, the
spleen, and the bone marrow
CARTILAGE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Stands up to both tension (stretching) and compression
Qualities intermediate between dense connective tissue (very flexible) and
bone
Tough but flexible, providing a resilient rigidity to the structures it supp
orts
Lacks nerve fibers and is avascular
Receives its nutrients by diffusion from blood vessels located in the connectiv
e tissue membrane (perichondrium) surrounding it
Ground substance contains large amounts of:
GAGs: glycosaminoglycans (Chrondroitin sulfate, Hyaluronic acid):Intertwine
and trap water, forming a substance that varies from a fluid to a viscous
gel
Contains firmly bound collagen fibers and in some cases elastic fibers
Matrix contains an exceptional amount of tissue fluid (up to 80% water)
Movement of tissue fluid in its matrix enables cartilage to rebound after being
compressed and also helps to nourish the cartilage cells
 Skeletal Tiss Cartilage
ue
The cartilage is a solid, semi-rigid connective tissue. It is tough, flexible tissue which forms
the endoskeleton in large number of vertebrates.

Structure:
- The cartilage is enclosed in a sheath of white fibrous tissue
called perichondrium. It consists of blood vessels and nerve
fibres.
- The perichondrium encloses a semi-solid matrix called
chondrin.
- Towards the periphery or the inner margin of the
perichondrium, a layer of small immature cartilage cells called
chondroblasts are seen. The matrix is secreted by the
chondroblasts.
- A chondroblast lies in a fluid-filled space, the cartilage
lacuna, in the matrix.
- During growth of the cartilage, the chondroblasts divide and the
cells formed by division keep lying in groups of two or more in
the same lacuna
 Skeletal Tiss Cartilage
ue
- In the matrix near the perichondrium, the
chondroblasts are small and young and they
lie close together. Later, they become large,
rounded, and mature and occur in groups.
Here, they are called chondrocytes.
- These chondrocytes are enclosed within
lacunae and are seen scattered in the
matrix.
- Each lacuna contains 2 to 8 chondrocytes.
- The exchange of materials (nutrients)
between the chondrocytes and the matrix
takes place with simple diffusion from blood
vessels present in the perichondrium.
Depending on the nature of the matrix, cartilage is classified as:
1.Hyaline Cartilage
2.Fibrous Cartilage
3.Elastic Cartilage
4.Calcified Cartilage
 Skeletal Tiss Cartilage Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage:ue

It is the weakest of the four types or cartilages.

The most abundant cartilage providing firm support with some pliability
Blue-white color
Hyalin=glass
Articular (ends of long bones)

Origin: It is found at the ends of long bones, anterior ends of ribs, nose tip,
larynx, and bronchial tree, foetal and embryonic skeleton.

Structure: It is compressible and elastic in nature. It is surrounded by

perichondrium. The matrix, i.e. chondrin, is bluish-white and gel-like (transparent).
It contains very fine collagen fibres and chondrocytes (2 to 8 in each lacuna).

Functions:
- It provides flexibility and supports the body.
- It helps in reducing friction.
- It also acts as a good shock absorber.
 Skeletal Tiss
ue
Fibrous Cartilage:
is found where strong support and the ability to withstand heavy
pressure are required, such as the intervertebral disks
-Often found where hyaline cartilage meets a true ligament or a
tendon
-Perfect intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense regular
connective tissues
-Found where strong support and the ability to withstand heavy
pressure are required

Origin: It is found in the pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, etc.

Structure: It is not surrounded by the perichondrium. It has little matrix
and abundant white collagen fibres. This combines the flexibility of the
cartilage with the firmness of the white fibres.
Functions:
- It acts as a cushion in the intervertebral discs.
- In the pubic symphysis
- It helps to support and aids fusion of different organs of the
body.
 Skeletal Tiss
ue
Elastic Cartilage:
Elastic cartilage is found where strength and exceptional stretchability are
needed, such as the external ear
More elastin fibers
Found where strength and exceptional stretchability are needed
Origin:
It is found in the epiglottis (lid on top of the larynx), external ear
(auricle), trachea etc.

Structure:
It is surrounded by perichondrium. The matrix (chondrin) contains a
thread-like network of elastic fibres.. It has abundant network of yellow
fibres in addition to white fibres. Chondrocytes are few in number and
are seen encircled with elastic fibres. It is opaque and yellowish in
appearance. It readily recovers its shape after distortion.

Functions:
It gives support and maintains shape of the body while allowing great
flexibility
 Skeletal Tiss Bone
ue
BONE :
Bone (osseous tissue) has an exceptional ability to support and
protect body structures due to its hardness, which is determined
by the additional collagen fibers and calcium salts found in the
extracellular matrix
Provides cavities for fat storage and synthesis of blood cells
Matrix (calcified matrix called ossein) is similar to that of
cartilage but is harder and more rigid because, in addition to its
more abundant collagen fibers, bone has an added matrix
element—inorganic calcium salts (bone salts)
Blood is classified as a connective tissue because it developed
from mesenchyme, and consists of blood cells and plasma
proteins surrounded by blood plasma
Types of Connective Tissue Bone
Osteoblasts: immature bone cells
Produce the organic portion of the matrix; then bone salts are deposited
on and between the fibers
Osteocytes: mature bone cells
Reside in the lacunae (cavity in bone or cartilage) within the matrix they
have made
Unlike cartilage, the next firmest connective tissue
Vascularized
Skeletal Tiss Bone
ue
 Skeletal Tiss Bone
ue
- The structural unit of bone is the
Haversian system or osteon.
- Presence of a Haversian system is the
characteristic of a mammalian bone.
- Haversian system shows a Haversian canal
in the centre.
- Haversian canal consists of blood vessels of
arteries and veins, lymph vessels and nerves
as well.
- Lacunae containing osteoblasts or
osteocytes are arranged in concentric
circles around the Haversian canal.
- The two adjacent Haversian systems are
interconnected by transverse channels,
the Volkmann’s canal.
 Skeletal Tiss Bone
ue
Functions:

- It is the supporting and protective tissue of vertebrates which

protects the internal soft and delicate tissues.
- Besides providing support, bones have a metabolic and
protective role too.
- It forms the base for attachment of muscles.
- In long bones, the yellow marrow cavity helps in storage of
reserve food material.
- The red marrow cavity in the long bones is useful in
haemopioesis
 Skeletal Tiss Bone
ue
Spongy bone: Compact bone:

Origin: Origin: It is seen in the shaft (diaphysis) of

It is seen in the expanded ends long bones.
(epiphyseal region) of long bones.
Structure: The matrix is hard, solid, and
Structure: dense and without spaces in-between. It
The matrix or ossein is web-like is filled with a fatty tissue called the
containing columns of bones called yellow marrow which stores fat cells. It
trabeculae with many small spaces has many Haversian systems.
between them. These spaces contain a
soft tissue called red bone marrow Functions: The compact bone stores fat
which is responsible for heamopiosis. It and produces blood corpuscles in
lacks the Haversian system. emergencies.

Functions:
The spongy bones provide considerable
strength with minimum of weight.
BLOOD
Fluid within blood vessels
Most atypical connective tissue:
Does not connect things or give support
Classified as connective tissue because it develops fro
m mesenchyme and consists of blood cells, surrounde
d by a nonliving fluid matrix called blood plasma
Fibers of blood are soluble protein molecules that beco
me visible only during blood clotting
BLOOD
 MUSCLE TISSUE
• Bundles of longcells
• Capable of shortening or contracting
• Function: movement
• Examples: heart muscles, skeletal m
uscles, intercostal muscles of the di
gestive tract
 Muscle Tissue
Origin:
The muscle tissue arises from the embryonic mesoderm. It makes up about 40% of a
mammals body weight.

General Structure:
- Muscular tissue is made up of thin, elongated, contractile muscle fibres; hence it is also
called contractile tissue.
- The fibres have the ability to contract due to the presence of protein filaments of
myosin and actin. Hence, they play an important role in locomotion and movement.
- Muscle fibres are thin, elongated cells with one or many nuclei.
- The plasma membrane or the outer covering of a muscle fibre is called sarcolemma.
- The cytoplasm of a muscle fibre is called sarcoplasm. The sarcoplasm is largely occupied b
y longitudinal, parallel protein threads, called myofibrils, arranged along the axis of the fib
re. These protein threads contain myosin and actin.
- The muscular tissue is innervated (supplied) with nerve fibres. They are vascular and are s
upplied with blood vessels which carry nutrients and take away the metabolic waste.
Functions:

- It brings about movements of the body parts and locomotion of the organis
m.
- Many muscles support bones and other structures.
- Facial expressions and gestures also depend on muscles.
- Muscles are responsible for the heartbeat, for the flow of blood through t
he vessels, for the passage of food through the alimentary canal, for the fl
ow of air through the respiratory tract, for the production of sound, and fo
r the release of secretions and waste products through the ducts.
- Muscles are required for taking food, passing urine and faeces, mating, deliv
ering a baby, feeding a young one, maintenance of equilibrium and a favoura
ble resting posture.
Types of Muscle Tissues:

Based on their structure, location and fu

nction, the muscles tissue is categorized
into three types:
1. Striated or striped muscles
2.Non-striated or unstriped or smooth
muscles
3. Cardiac muscles
MUSCLE TISSUE
Muscle tissues are highly cellular, well-vascularized tissues responsible f
or movement
Muscle cells (muscle fibers) possess myofilaments:
Elaborate versions of the actin and myosin filaments that bring about
movement or contraction in all muscle cell types
There are three types of muscular tissue:
Skeletal muscle is packaged by connective tissue sheets into organs
called skeletal muscles that are attached to the skeleton and produce
s voluntary body movement
Cardiac muscle is responsible for the involuntary movement of the h
eart
Found ONLY in the walls of the heart
Smooth muscle is found in the walls of the hollow organs (digestive
and urinary tract organs, uterus, and blood vessels):
No striations
Acts to squeeze substances through these organs by alternately c
ontracting and relaxing
Involuntary
SKELETAL MUSCLE
SMOOTH MUSCLE
CARDIAC MUSCLE
 NERVOUS TISSUE
Origin:
The nervous tissue arises from the ectoderm of the embryo.
Special Properties:
- The cells of the nervous tissue (i.e. neurons) provide the quickest means of commu
nication within the body and help the body to give response to the external stimulu
s.
- Thus, the cells of the nervous tissue (i.e. neurons) are considered as impulse
generating and impulse conducting unit.
- Neurons possess two important basic properties: excitability and conductivity.
- Excitability is excitation by external stimulus by changing the action potential of thei
r membrane.
- Conductivity is to carry a wave of electric impulse from the dendron to axon.
General structure:
- Nervous system is made up of nervous tissue.
- Nervous tissue is composed of nerve cells or neurons and supportive cells called
neuroglia or glia cells.
NERVOUS TISSUE
Nervous tissue is the main component of the nervous
system (brain, spinal cord, and nerves), which regulat
es and controls body functions

Nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells:

Neurons are specialized cells that generate and c

onduct electrical impulses

Supporting cells are nonconductive cells that sup

port, insulate, and protect the neurons
NERVE TISSUE
 Nervous Tissu Structure
e
Neuron is covered by neurilemma and is made up of two
distinct regions: cyton and cytoplasmic extensions

- Cyton or cell body is also called perikaryon or soma

- contains granular cytoplasm with large number of network of
neurofibrils, various cell organelles like mitochondria, Golgi
complex, RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum) and centrally
placed nucleus.
- The granules present in cytoplasm are conical, rich in RNA
and are involved in protein synthesis. These are called
Nissl's granules
cytoplasmic extensions seen arising from the
cyton namely: dendrons and axon.
 Structure
- Dendrites are thin, small cytoplasmic extensions seen in the periphery
of the cyton.
- These are many in number and break into numerous fine branches
which help to carry impulse towards the cell body and are provided
with few of the neurofibrils.
- Axon is the single, longest cytoplasmic process useful in conduction
of impulse away from the cell body. I
- t is lined by axonal membrane and encloses cytoplasm called
axoplasm.
- It contains large number of mitochondria, RER and neurofibrils but
lacks Nissl's granules and Golgi complex.
- The axon, throughout the length is wrapped by Schwann cells. The
Schwann cells secrete a lipid covering which forms an insulating
myelin sheath.
- The terminal end of the axon in both myelinated and non- myelinated
neurons shows presence of many swollen knob- like structures called
telodendrons
- They are filled with neurosecretory material (acetylcholine
and adrenaline) which acts as a neurotransmitter
 Synapse
- Stimuli reach the cyton or cell body through dendrites and
the impulses are passed on from cyton towards axons.
- The telodendron of the axon one neuron comes in close
functional apposition between dendrites of another neuron.
- This type of functional contact between axons and
dendrites of two different neurons is called a synapse.
- The impulse from one neuron passes to another neuron
only through a synapse.
- The space enclosed between the telodendron of the first
neuron and the cyton of second neuron forms synaptonemal
complex.
- In this region the end bulb of the first neuron releases its
content i.e.
neurotransmitter, on excitation.
- The impulse is passed usually in a a “one-way" direction
through this complex.
Nervous Tissu
e
Neuroglia cells:
- In the central nervous system, the inter-neuronal space is filled with large amount of
supporting non-nervous cells called neuroglia cells (or microglial cells or
oligodendrocytes).
- These cells are more in number as compared to the neurons.
- They are capable of regeneration and division which is lacking in nerve cell.
- The glial cells are useful in supporting the neurons, providing nourishment of neurons and
provide
protection to neurons by engulfing foreign particles (pha
gocytosis)
.
- Nerves consist of several bundles (fasciculi).
- Each bundle is made up of many nerve fibres.
- Each fibre in a fasciculum or bundle is surrounded and
held to the others by a thin layer of connective tissue
called endoneurium.
- Each bundle or fasciculum is enclosed by a coat of white
fibrous tissue termed perineurium.
- Each nerve consisting of all these bundles are
enveloped by another coat of white fibrous tissue called
epineurium.)
Neurons Classification

Neurons

Structure Function Medullary sheath

1. Unipolar 1. Sensory 1. Medullated

2. Bipolar 2. Motor 2. Non- medullated
3. Multipolar
 Neuron Structure
s
Depending on the number and
arrangement of cytoplasmic extensions,
the neurons are classified as:

- Unipolar neuron has single process. It is

also called monopolar neuron.
- Bipolar neurons have two processes
originating from opposite poles of
the cyton.
- Multipolar neurons have more than
two processes.
 Neuron Function
s

- Sensory neuron responds to external stimulus and carries impulse towards the central nervous
system.
- The axonal parts of sensory neurons terminate in the intermediate neurons which are seen in brain
and spinal cord. These are stimulated by the impulses that are received from the sensory neuron.
- Motor neurons carry impulses from the central nervous system towards the effector organ
which brings about the response.
 Neuron Medullary sheath
Myelinated ors Medullated nerve fibre:
- Schwann cells secrete an insulating fatty layer around the nerve
fibre which forms myelin sheath.
- It is interrupted at regular intervals called Nodes of Ranvier.
- A thin delicate membrane called neurilemma
surrounds the axon.
- Cranial nerves of vertebrates are of this type.
- Myelinated or Medullated nerve fibres are useful in
conducting impulse at a faster rate.
- As the impulse jumps from one Node of Ranvier to
another, it is called Saltatory conduction.
Non-myelinated or non-medullated nerve fibre:

- The axon of this nerve fibre lacks the myelin sheath as the
Schwann cells present around the nerve fibre does not secrete the
sheath.
- These are present in the autonomous nerves of
vertebrates and invertebrate nervous system.
- These nerve fibres also help in the conduction of impulses
but at much slower rate as compared to myelinated nerve
THANK YOU