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Equilibrium of Floating Bodies

Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1) Find the volume of water displaced = 5 x 2 x 0.8 = 4 m3 2) Find the weight of water displaced = Volume x Density of water = 4 x 10 = 40 kN 3) Find the depth of center of buoyancy = Volume/Area = 4/10 = 0.4 m 4) Metacentric height = Center of buoyancy - Center of gravity = 0.4 - 0.8 = -0.4 m So the metacentric height is -0.4 m.

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Muneeb Rehman
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648 views

Equilibrium of Floating Bodies

Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1) Find the volume of water displaced = 5 x 2 x 0.8 = 4 m3 2) Find the weight of water displaced = Volume x Density of water = 4 x 10 = 40 kN 3) Find the depth of center of buoyancy = Volume/Area = 4/10 = 0.4 m 4) Metacentric height = Center of buoyancy - Center of gravity = 0.4 - 0.8 = -0.4 m So the metacentric height is -0.4 m.

Uploaded by

Muneeb Rehman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Equilibrium of Floating Bodies

Introduction
• Phenomenon of Floatation for a body
• Either it sinks down
• Or floats on the liquid
• Body placed over a liquid is subjected to two forces:
• Gravitational force
• Upthrust of the liquid
• If gravitational force > upthrust , body will sink.
• If gravitational force < upthrust , body will float.
Archimedes’s Principle

“Whenever a body is immersed wholly or


partially in a fluid, it is buoyed up (i.e. lifted up)
by a force equal to the weight of the fluid
displaced by the body”
Buoyancy
• The tendency of a fluid to uplift a submerged body, because of
the upward thrust of the fluid.

• Equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.

• If the force of buoyancy is greater than the weight of the body,


it will be pushed up till the weight of the fluid displaced is equal
to the weight of the body and the body will float.

• If the force of buoyancy is less than the weight of the body, it


will sink down.
Center of Buoyancy
• The center of buoyancy is the point, through
which the force of buoyancy is supposed to
act.
• It is always the center of gravity of the
volume of the liquid displaced.
• Center of buoyancy is the center of area of the
immersed section.
Example
A uniform body 3m long ,2m wide and 1m deep floats in water. If
the depth of immersion is 0.6m, what is the weight of the body?

Solution :

Length = 3m
Width = 2m
Depth = 1m
Depth of immersion = 0.6m

Volume of water displaced = 3 x 2 x 0.6 = 3.6 m3

Weight of body = Weight of water displaced


Density = mass /volume

Weight = 9.81 kN/ m3 x 3.6 m3 = 35.3kN


Example
A block of wood 4m long,2m wide and 1m deep is floating
horizontally in water. If density of the wood be 6.87 kN/m3, find the
volume of water displaced and position of the center of buoyancy.
Solution:
Volume of water displaced
Volume of Wooden Block = 4m x 2m x 1m = 8m3
Weight = Volume x Density = 8 x 6.87 = 55kN

Volume of water displaced = Weight of block / Density of water


= 55 / 9.81 = 5.6 m3

Position of Center of buoyancy

Depth of immersion = Volume / Sectional Area


= 5.6 / (4 x 2)
= 0.7 m

Center of Buoyancy = 0.7 / 2 = 0.35m from the base


Metacenter
• Whenever a body, floating in a
liquid, is given a small angular
displacement, it starts oscillating
about some point. This point,
about which the body starts
oscillating is called metacenter.

• The metacenter may also be


defined as the inter section of
the line passing through the
original center of buoyancy B
and c.g., G of the body and the
vertical line through the new
center of buoyancy B1.
Metacentric Height
• The distance between the center of gravity of a
floating body and the metacenter (i.e distance
GM) is called metacentric height.

• The metacentric height of a floating body is a


direct measure of its stability.

• More the metacentric height of a floating body,


more it will be stable
Analytical Method for Metacentric Height
Analytical Method for Metacentric Height
• Ship is given clockwise rotation through a small angle (ϴ) in radians.
• Immersed section has now changed from acd1e1 from acde.
• Center of buoyancy has now changed from B to B1.
• Triangular wedge “aom” has come out of water whereas triangular wedge
ocn has gone under water. Since volume of water displaced remains the
same, there two triangular wedges must have equal areas.
• Triangular wedge has come out of water, thus decreasing force of
buoyancy on left, tends to rotate vessel in anti-clockwise direction about
O.
• Triangular wedge “ocn” has gone under water, thus increasing force of
buoyancy on right, tends to rotate vessel in anti clockwise direction.
• These forces of buoyancy will form a couple, which will tend to rotate
vessel in anticlockwise direction about O
Analytical Method for Metacentric Height

• Angle ϴ through which body is given rotation,


is extremely small, ship may be assumed to
rotate about M (i.e. Metacenter)
• l = Length of ship
• b= Breadth of ship
• ϴ = very small angle in radians through which
ship is rotated
• V = Volume of water displaced by ship
Analytical Method for Metacentric Height

•  

Metacentric Height ;

GM = BM ± BG

+ive sign used if G is lower than B


-ive sign used if G is higher than B
Conditions of Equilibrium of a Floating Body

• A body is said to be in equilibrium, when it


remains in steady state while floating in a
liquid
– Stable Equilibrium
– Unstable Equilibrium
– Neutral Equilibrium
Conditions of Equilibrium of a Floating Body

• Stable Equilibrium

– A body is said to be in stable equilibrium, if it


returns back to its original position, when given a
small angular displacement.
– This happens when the metacenter (M) is higher
than the center of gravity (G) of the floating body.
Conditions of Equilibrium of a Floating Body

• Un-Stable Equilibrium

– A body is said to be in stable equilibrium, if it does


not return back to its original position and heels
further away, when given a small angular
displacement.
– This happens when the metacenter (M) is lower
than the center of gravity (G) of the floating body.
Conditions of Equilibrium of a Floating Body

• Neutral Equilibrium

– A body is said to be in stable equilibrium, if it


occupies a new position and remains at rest in this
new position, when given a small angular
displacement.
– This happens when the metacenter (M) coincides
with the center of gravity (G) of the floating body.
Example

• A rectangular pontoon of 5m long, 2m wide


and 1.2m deep is immersed in 0.8m in sea
water. If density of sea water is 10 kN/m3, find
the metacentric height of pontoon?

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