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HVAC Basics: HVAC - Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning

This document discusses HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It outlines typical temperature, humidity, and air pressure parameters maintained by HVAC. It describes the major mechanical equipment used in HVAC including boilers, chillers, air handling units, and variable air volume boxes. Diagrams and pictures show how outside air is conditioned and distributed throughout a building to rooms via the air handling units and variable air volume controls. Common real-world issues that can occur with HVAC systems are also briefly mentioned.

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212 views20 pages

HVAC Basics: HVAC - Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning

This document discusses HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. It outlines typical temperature, humidity, and air pressure parameters maintained by HVAC. It describes the major mechanical equipment used in HVAC including boilers, chillers, air handling units, and variable air volume boxes. Diagrams and pictures show how outside air is conditioned and distributed throughout a building to rooms via the air handling units and variable air volume controls. Common real-world issues that can occur with HVAC systems are also briefly mentioned.

Uploaded by

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HVAC Basics

Bin Yan

HVAC – Heating, Ventilation, Air-conditioning


HVAC Energy Consumption

Annual Energy Use

Cooling 642 kWh/m2

Heating 623 kWh/m2

Electricity 414 kWh/m2

32% >60%
DOE numbers A lab building on campus

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HVAC

HVAC – Heating, Ventilation, Air-conditioning

Temperature 68°F (20°C) and 75°F (25°C)

Humidity 30% relative humidity (RH) and 60% RH

Pressure A slightly positive pressure to reduce


outside air infiltration.

Ventilation Rooms typically have several


complete air changes per hour

Diagram of mechanical system on the blackboard


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Where?

Mechanical Room: Boilers, chillers, pumps, heat exchangers…

Air Handling Units (AHUs): heat, cool, humidify, dehumidify, ventilate, filter and
distribute the air.

Room Controls: thermostats and Variable Air Volume (VAV) boxes

4
Pictures from http://www.learnhvac.org/
In the mechanical room

Boiler

Chiller 5
Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf
Heating

Also to radiators, terminal reheat, domestic hot water.

6
Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf
Heating

7
Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf
Cooling

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Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf
AHU – Air Handling Unit

Where does air come from and go to?

Exhaust air

Return air

Outside air Supply air

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AHU
What’s in an AHU?
Sensor

Heating/Cooling Coil

Filter Fan
Damper

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Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf
AHU - Economizer

Linked

55°F
Minimum in summer
More outside air in winter

Economizer mode: Using outside air for cooling rather than mechanical cooling.

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Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf
AHU – Heating and Cooling

55°F

dehumidification

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Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf
Humidification

Why before the cooling coil?

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Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf
VAV
damper Two variables – Temperature & Air Volume

The box you can see in


the hallway.

IF temperature too high


First reduce reheat till fully closed
Then increase air volume
IF temperature too low
First reduce air volume till minimum
Then start reheat
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Pictures from https://rfd-training.tac.com/docs/HVAC.pdf
Winter

Return

Outside
Mixed

15
Summer

Outside

Cooled and Mixed


dehumidified

Return

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The Real World

52°F

Any difference? Anything wrong? 17


The Real World

52°F

Chilled water is still used when outside air is far below 52F
Temperature increased after humidification.
Sensor error.
Separate control caused counteraction.

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What we have learned?

The system that ensures the thermal comfort.

What’s in the mechanical rooms.

What happens in air handling unit.

How VAV works.

What can happen in the real world.

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Thanks!

[email protected]

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