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Traffic Engineering: (Introduction)

The document discusses the key components of traffic engineering which include users, roads, facilities, and control. It summarizes the characteristics of these components and how they interrelate. Specifically, it outlines driver characteristics such as perception and reaction times. It also discusses pedestrian characteristics and how their speed depends on the percentage of elderly pedestrians. Additionally, it examines vehicle characteristics like size, weight, and how the design vehicle influences road design. Finally, it notes that road characteristics depend on the highway type, whether it is divided or undivided.

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MOHAMMAD ABU KHALIFA
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54 views7 pages

Traffic Engineering: (Introduction)

The document discusses the key components of traffic engineering which include users, roads, facilities, and control. It summarizes the characteristics of these components and how they interrelate. Specifically, it outlines driver characteristics such as perception and reaction times. It also discusses pedestrian characteristics and how their speed depends on the percentage of elderly pedestrians. Additionally, it examines vehicle characteristics like size, weight, and how the design vehicle influences road design. Finally, it notes that road characteristics depend on the highway type, whether it is divided or undivided.

Uploaded by

MOHAMMAD ABU KHALIFA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Traffic Engineering

(Introduction)
Traffic Engineering Components

Traffic Components

The traffic components are users, roads, facility, and control

2 Introduction
Traffic Engineering Components

it is important to know the characteristics of these components and it


is also important to be aware of the interrelationships that exist
among these components in order to determine the effect on
each other
1 – user characteristics :
The user characteristics include the driver and pedestrian
characteristics.
1-A: Driver characteristics:
The variety of skills and abilities of drivers on highway is one of
the problem facing traffic and transportation engineering when
considering driver characteristics in design. This is demonstrated
by the wide range of abilities possessed by individuals to hear,
see, evaluate, and react to information. Studies shown that
theses abilities may vary under different conditions such as being
under the influence of alcohol, suffering from fatigue, and time of
day.
Perception and Reaction Process
The process through which a driver evaluates and reacts the
action. It can divided into two sub-process-perception process
and reaction process.

Recommendations made by the American Association of


Highway and Transportation Office (AASHTO) stipulate 2.5 sec
as a perception and reaction for stopping sight distances.
However, that time, 2.5 sec, may not adequate for some complex
conditions such as at multi-phase at-grade intersection and ramp
terminals. Studies shows that the perception and reaction time
for complex conditions range from about 5 sec to 10sec.

3 Introduction
Unexpected Conditions Expected Conditions

Perception and Reaction Distance


= Perception Distance (DP) + Braking Distance (DB)

Perception and Reaction Distance


=[0.278 Vi T] + [(Vi – Vf) / 255 (F± G)]

Example:-
A driver with perception and reaction time of 2.5 sec is driving at
90 kph when he observes that an object blocked the road ahead .
Determine the distance the vehicle would move before the driver
could activate the brake.

Solution
Distance = speed *time
Dp = 0.278 V*T
Dp = 0.278*90*2.5=62.5 m

4 Introduction
1-B: Pedestrians Characteristics
Pedestrian characteristics is important and influence the design and
location of pedestrian control devices. Such control devices
include special pedestrian signals , safety zones and island at
intersection, pedestrian underpass, elevated walkways , and cross
walks .

A simplified body ellipse of 0.5m*0.6m with total area of 0.3 m 2 is


used as the basic space for single pedestrian . Pedestrian speed is
highly dependent on the proportion of elderly pedestrians ( more
than 65 years old )

If 0.20 % pedestrian is elderly……… average speed is 1.5 m/sec.


If more than 20 % pedestrian is elderly average speed is 1.0 m/sec.
The free flow speed if pedestrian is 1.5 m/sec.

2) Vehicle characteristics
Criteria for the geometric design of HWY are based an the
static , kinematics, and dynamic characteristics of vehicles.
Static characteristics include the weight and size of the vehicle
kinematics characteristics involve the motion of the vehicle
without considering the forces that cause the motion; and
dynamic characteristics considering the forces that cause the
motion of the vehicle.

5 Introduction
Vehicle characteristics )2
The characteristics of the design vehicle are used to determine
criteria for geometric design , Intersection design , and sight
distance requirements . the design vehicle for a HWY is an
important in the determination of the physical characteristics
of Ham such as lane width , shoulder width , length and
width of parking bays ,and length of vertical carves. The
following types may be considered when selecting a design
vehicle :-
• A passenger car . ( PC )
• A single unit track . (SUT)
• Transit Bus or large school bus
• The WB-20 track . Trailer ( WB-40, WB-50 , wB-60)

Each type of design vehicle required a minimum turning paths


depends on the vehicle dimensions

Type of vehicle is important in the determination of physical


characteristics of HWY such as
• lane width ,
• shoulder width ,
• parking bays , and
• length of curie

6 Introduction
3) Road Characteristics
The characteristics of the HWY depends as its type , the type of
HWY are .
Divided HWY such as (Expressway, and Freeway)
Undivided HWY such as (2 lane–2 way highway, and
Roads or Local streets ).

7 Introduction

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