SOCIAL STUDY

CLASS 9
UNIT 8
AGRICULTURE
MODERN AGRICULTURE SYSTEM
COMMERCILIZATION OF
AGRICULTURE
 AGRICULTURE
Agriculture is an occupation related to cultivating land, producing crops, rearing animals,
fishing, poultry farming etc. An old farming system in which farmers carry out their
agricultural activities with their hands is called traditional agriculture system.
About 66% of the people are involved in agriculture in Nepal. About 36% GDP of Nepal is
contributed by agriculture. The main reason that the agriculture sectors of Nepal has not
been able to improve due to traditional way of farming.
The major cash crops are oilseed, potato, tobacco, sugarcane, jute, cotton, and rubber; and
the major cereal crops are paddy, maize, millet, wheat, barley, and buckwheat. Cardamom,
ginger, garlic, turmeric, silk cocoons, honey and mushroom are also cultivated in copious
amounts.
Nepal’s geography, water resources and ample supply of labor gives Nepal a comparative
advantage in agricultural production. The temperature and rainfall differ from place to place,
but the wet season is roughly the same in all areas of Nepal.
More than 50% of the districts in Nepal are considered food-deficient by FAO. This problem of
low agricultural productivity arises due to fragmented subsistence farming, poor technical
knowledge, and lack of irrigation facilities.
 IMPORTANT OF AGRICULTURE IN NEPAL
1) About 66% of Nepalese people are
engaged in agriculture. So it had provided
job opportunities to the large number of
Nepali people.
2) Agriculture is the source of foodstuff for
human being, animals and poultries.
3) It is the major source of National income.
It has contributed about 36% in the GDP.
4) It provides necessary raw materials for
agro-based industries. So it is the
backbone of the economic development in
Nepal.
5) Cardamom, turmeric and cinnamon are the
main spices exported from Nepal.
 REASONS OF LOW LIVING STANDARD OF FARMERS
1) The people who are involved in agriculture
still practice traditional agriculture. They
are illiterate and don’t know modern way
of farming which results low production.
2) The farmer work with their hands. They
don’t have knowledge to use modern
agricultural tools to raise production.
3) They still have to depend on monsoon for
the irrigation of their land which is not
reliable and its results low production.
4) They have no proper knowledge of using
improved seed, fertilizer, insecticides and
they don’t adopt modern and scientific
agriculture system.
 PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURE IN NEPAL
1) PRIMITIVE AGRICULTURE SYSTEM : Many Nepalese farmers are illiterate.
Thhey don’t have proper knowledge of modern method of farming. They use
traditional system of farming using plough, low quality of seed.
2) LACK OF PROPER IRRIGATION SYSTEM : Farmers of Nepal depend upon
monsoon to irrigate their fields which is not much suitable and affects
cultivation of crops.
3) LACK OF STORAGE : There is no scientific storage facilities to store the
production due to which fruits and vegetables get rotten.
4) Lack of proper tools : Nepali farmer do not get fertilizer, insecticide, improved
seed, tools on time to caring out their agricultural activities which may
hamper negatively.
5) LACK OF CAPITAL : Most of the farmers need capital to buy agricultural tools
and fertilizers but due to poverty they are unable to buy such things. This is
also one of the major problems.
 WAYS TO SOLVR THE PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURE
1) Farmers should be given the proper knowledge and training
to use modern technology, fertilizer, improved seed and
tools to modernize the agriculture system in Nepal.
2) Proper irrigation facilities should be given that help the
farmer to cultivate their lands throughout the year.
3) The government should provide soft loan to the farmers
that they can buy required materials for agriculture.
4) The government should manage the proper market for the
agricultural production of the farmer. So, that they can get
fair price of their production.
 MODERN AGRICULTURE SYSTEM
Agriculture is an important source of livelihood
because it is the process of producing food, feed, fiber,
and many other desired products by the cultivation of
plants and the raising of domesticated animals
The farming activities which are carried out using
modern ideas, tools, technology in a large scale
agriculture production is called modern agriculture
system.
This system come out after second world war with the
introduction of green revolution due to crisis of food.
The system of growing of two or more crops with
different features at the same time on a piece of land
is called intercropping.
 IMPORTANCE IF MODERN AGRICULTURE
1) Modern agriculture system increases
the production of the foodstuff which
can fulfill the growing demand of food.
2) Due to the increase in the production of
food people may get food in low price.
3) It may help in the development of new
products the agricultural tools.
4) Due to the modern agricultural system,
it increases the agricultural production.
As a result agricultural items can be
exported which helps to earn foreign
currency.
 WAYS TO MODERNIZE AGRICULTURE SYSTEM
1) COMMUNICATION IN AGRICULTURE : Farmers should be made aware to avoid traditional
agriculture system and to follow modern agriculture system by commercialization it.
2) USING MODERN AGRICULTURAL TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY : Farmer should be
encouraged in using modern agriculture tools and technology which can be highly helpful
to modernize agriculture system of Nepal.
3) CROPS DIVERSIFICATION : The farmers should cultivate the better and improved crops.
They should cultivate modern crops and practice new cropping system for the enough
agriculture production.
4) EXPANDING IRRIGATION FACILITIES : Proper irrigation facility is needed for good
production from agriculture. So, we can expand the irrigation facility to reduce the
dependency on monsoon for cultivating land in time.
5) MANAGING THE SOFT AGRICULTURE LOAN : Mass poverty is found in Nepali society. The
farmers are very poor who can hardly meet the demand of their family members. So,
there should be management of soft loan to enable them to invest in the agriculture.
6) MULTIPLE CROPPING : Nepali farmer should be educated to practice of growing more
crops in the same land during single growing crops.
 COMMERCIALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE
The agricultural production which are
produced by farmer for the purpose of
selling in the market nor for their own
consumption is called commercialization
of agriculture.
The government has made a policy to
provide subsidies to those who are
returned from foreign employment and
are interested to utilize their skills in
Nepal which help for the
commercialization of agriculture in
Nepal.
 PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL COMMERCIALIZATION
1) POVERTY : There is mass poverty found in Nepalese society. Nepali farmers
are no good economic condition to buy improved seeds, modern
agricultural tools, chemical fertilizers, insecticide and pesticide. So, Poverty
has been major problem of commercialization agriculture in Nepal.
2) ILLETRACY : Nepali farmers are illiterate. They do not know to use modern
tools, ideas and other ways of commercialization the agriculture in Nepal.
3) LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE : Lack of basic infrastructure like transportation,
irrigation, storage, electricity etc is also equally responsible to creating
problems to commercialize the agriculture in Nepal.
4) DUE TO FOREIGN EMPLOYMENT : There is increasing a tendency of Nepali
people for going to foreign employment instead of staying here involving in
agriculture. It has also created problem in the commercialization agriculture
in Nepal.
 SOLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL COMMERCIALIZATION
1) Proper agriculture knowledge and training for
the farmer should be conducted and there
should be provision of soft loan to the
farmers to carry out different agriculture
activities.
2) Nepali farmer should be encouraged to use
modern tools, goods, seeds to commercialize
agriculture. Technical manpower should be
produced in the agriculture sectors.
3) Land reform programme should be conducted
to provide agriculture land to the real
farmers.
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