Scribd
Upload
39 views

B.Arch Programme, IX Semester Theory of Urban Design ARCH503

The document provides an overview of theories of urban growth and development. It discusses natural growth patterns like concentric spread and ribbon development. It also covers Ernest Burgess's concentric zone model and Homer Hoyt's sector model. The document outlines stages of urban development and defines hierarchies from neighborhood to room. Finally, it contrasts characteristics of suburban and urban areas, and lists important urban theorists and concepts to read more about.

Uploaded by

Vanshika Dogra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views

B.Arch Programme, IX Semester Theory of Urban Design ARCH503

The document provides an overview of theories of urban growth and development. It discusses natural growth patterns like concentric spread and ribbon development. It also covers Ernest Burgess's concentric zone model and Homer Hoyt's sector model. The document outlines stages of urban development and defines hierarchies from neighborhood to room. Finally, it contrasts characteristics of suburban and urban areas, and lists important urban theorists and concepts to read more about.

Uploaded by

Vanshika Dogra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Amity School of Architecture and Planning

B.Arch Programme, IX Semester

Theory of Urban Design


ARCH503
Amity School of Architecture and Planning

Theories of Urban Growth

Hierarchy and stages of Urban


development

Contents
Contents
Amity School of Architecture and Planning

Learning Objectives

By end of this session you will be learn about


types of theories of Urban growth, its hierarchy
and stages of development.
You will also be able to distinguish between
Suburban and Urban areas.

Learning Objectives
Amity School of Architecture and Planning

Urban Growth with


respect to technological
paradigms:

The waves of human innovation that


helped shape cities
Source : Hargroves and Smith, 2005
Amity School of Architecture and Planning

Theories of Urban Growth:


Growth according to Origin:
A. Natural growth
– Concentric spread

• One of the earliest theoretical models to explain


urban social structures  by sociologist Ernest
Burgess

• This concentric ring model depicts urban land


usage in concentric rings: the Central Business
District (CBD) was in the middle of the model,
and the city expanded in rings with different
land uses.
Amity School of Architecture and Planning

Theories of Urban Growth:


Growth according to Origin:
A. Natural growth
– Concentric spread
– Ribbon development

• Ribbon development means building houses


along the routes of communications radiating
from a human settlement.
• Increasing motor car ownership meant that
houses could be sold even if remote from shops
and other services.
• The practice became seen as inefficient use of
resources and a precursor to urban sprawl
Amity School of Architecture and Planning

Theories of Urban Growth:


Growth according to Origin:
A. Natural growth
– Concentric spread
– Ribbon development
– Satellite growth

• It refers essentially to smaller metropolitan


areas which are located somewhat near to, but are
mostly independent of larger metropolitan areas.
Amity School of Architecture and Planning

Theories of Urban Growth:


Growth according to Origin:
A. Natural growth
– Concentric spread
– Ribbon development
– Satellite growth
– Scattered growth

• Scattered growth: where


commercial, residential, and
retail developments are not
integrated and develops
randomly without any
regulations
Amity School of Architecture and Planning

Other Growth Theories:


Even though a city may have
begun with a CBD, other
While accepting the smaller CBDs develop on
existence of a central the outskirts of the city near
business district,  the more valuable housing
Homer Hoyt suggested that areas to allow shorter
zones expand outward commutes from the outskirts
from the city center of the city. This creates nodes
along railroads,  or nuclei in other parts of the
highways, and other city besides the CBD thus the
transportation arteries. name multiple nuclei model.
Created by Chauncy
Harris and Edward Ullman
Amity School of Architecture and Planning

Stages in Urban Development:

Transects have been used by planners as a visual tool to divide landscapes into multiple uses. This particular one,
created by architect Andres Duany, illustrates the rural-to-urban gradation between nature and dense urban zones
and has become a popular framework among New Urbanists.
Amity School of Architecture and Planning

Hierarchy:
Neighborhood->Cluster/Lot->Block->Unit->Room
Amity School of Architecture and Planning

Suburban vs Urban:
Suburban (sprawl) Urban (compact)
Low density High density
Zoned development Mixed use development
Segregation of functions for living, working, recreation Integration of functions for living, working, recreation

Segregation of economic and demographic groups Mixed income communities

Car dependence Predominance of pedestrians and cyclists


Disconnected public spaces Interconnected walkable network of large and small scale public spaces

High speed transport networks and increased road infrastructure Minimized need for transport and planning for walking and cycling

Parking, building and freeways Parks, landscape and cycle paths


Minimum parking spaces Parking space capping requirements
Sense of anonymity Sense of community
US urban model European/Asian Model
Amity School of Architecture and Planning

Suburban vs Urban:
Suburban (sprawl) Urban (compact)

Developed about 100 years ago Developed about 9000 years ago

Large scale developments Neighbourhood-human scale developments

Superstores and big shopping complexes Corner shops, local shopping areas, farmers’ markets

Mass housing and commercial/industrial districts Capping of allowable space for commercial/industrial districts

Driven by market forces Driven by a vision and masterplan

High energy consumption Low energy consumption

High CO2 emissions Low CO2 emissions


Amity School of Architecture and Planning
Amity School of Architecture and Planning
Amity School of Architecture and Planning
Amity School of Architecture and Planning
Amity School of Architecture and Planning
Amity School of Architecture and Planning

Urban Theorists: • Ebenezer Howard • Patrick Geddes


You should read • Raymond Unwin • Christopher Alexander
• Sir Patrick Abercrombie • Gordon Cullen
• Charles Edouard Jeanneret • Andres Duany
• Charles Booth
• Lewis Mumford • Barry Parker • Aldo Rossi
• Ernest Burgess • Robert Venturi
• Jane Adams • Frank Lloyd Wright
• Robert Park • Peter Calthorpe • Mitchel Joachim
• Max Weber
• Louis Wirth • Andrew Ross • Bill Hillier
• Henri Lefebvre
• Jane Jacobs • Frederick Law Olmstead • Jan Gehl
• Walter Benjamin
• John Ruskin • Willmott and Young • Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk
• Georg Simmel
• William Morris • William Hollingsworth • Paul Zucker
• Emile Durkheim
• Walter Christaller • Ruth Glass • Camillo Site
• Manuel Castells • Clarence Perry
• Homer Hoytt
Amity School of Architecture and Planning

More Urban concept:


That you can read

1. Basic Principles and Components of Ekistics Concept


2. Urban Agglomeration and Conurbation
3. Brownfield & Greenfield Development
4. Commuter Town & Urban Sprawl
5. Smart Growth, Compact Growth & Urban Drift
6. Sustainable development, Urban Morphology and Façade Controls
7. New Urbanism, Contextualism & Twin Cities
8. Place Making, Place Branding and Place Promotion
9. Streetscape and Urban Infrastructure
10. Determinants of Urban Form, Configuration and Character
11. Urban Connections and Articulation in the Public Realm
12. Neighborhood Concept & Community Spaces in the Built Environment
Amity School of Architecture and Planning

References;
1. http://
epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/epgpdata/uploads/epgp_content/S000017GE/P001696/M020263/ET/149
6059488UrbanGeog-CentralPlaceTheory-Final-Azka.pdf
2. Sennett Richard 1969, Classical Essays on the Culture of Cities, Prentice Hall, New Jersey
3. The American City: What Works and What Doesn't
by Alexander Garvin (1995)
Amity School of Architecture and Planning

Thank You

You might also like