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Sts Report Group5 1

The document discusses Aristotle's view of the good life, or eudaimonia. It examines various conceptions of what constitutes a good life, such as money, pleasure, relationships, and virtue. Aristotle believed that developing reason and virtue through theoretical and practical pursuits allows one to flourish. A good life involves relationships with others and contributing to the common good through compassion and altruism. Evolutionary theories also provide insights into human prosocial and antisocial tendencies. Overall, living according to reason and developing one's character, abilities, and relationships can lead to a fulfilled life.

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Dorothy Romagos
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
372 views

Sts Report Group5 1

The document discusses Aristotle's view of the good life, or eudaimonia. It examines various conceptions of what constitutes a good life, such as money, pleasure, relationships, and virtue. Aristotle believed that developing reason and virtue through theoretical and practical pursuits allows one to flourish. A good life involves relationships with others and contributing to the common good through compassion and altruism. Evolutionary theories also provide insights into human prosocial and antisocial tendencies. Overall, living according to reason and developing one's character, abilities, and relationships can lead to a fulfilled life.

Uploaded by

Dorothy Romagos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE GOOD LIFE

(Good HABIT or moral value)


THE GOOD LIFE IS THE KIND OF LIFE THAT
AN INDIVIDUAL MAY DREAM OF LIVING.
• A good life is when your outlook is that you have more good days than
bad.
• One in which we feel loved
• Has you feeling success
• Allows you to laugh and feel joy
• A good life holds beauty
• Has putting into every week some things you love to do
• Is not getting what you desire, desiring what you get
ARISTOTLE TALKS ABOUT THE
ULTIMATE GOOD BEING.
EUDAIMONIA A GOOD LIFE,
FLOURISHING LIFE, A FULFILLED AND
WORTHWILE LIFE.
Various Popular Contenders:
• Money and Success
• Pleasure
• Relationship
VARIOUS POPULAR CONTENDERS

MONEY clearly only means to an


end, therefore it can’t be the main
good.
SUCCESS its too dependent on other
people and the whims of fortune.
• PLEASURE
• 2 WAYS
• * even purely bodily pleasures are good in moderation
• * there are different kinds of pleasures, the best kind is that
deriving from being involved in some worthwile activity.
RELATIONSHIPS
very important in a good life.
• Nobody would choose to live
without friend, even if they
had all the other goods
• A good life shoud include
other people.
3 TYPES OF RELATIONSHIP
• The useful
• The pleasant
• The ones based on mutual admiration
• The first two is incidental while the third is the most solid and
the most important
REASON AND THE VIRTUES
The main good for a human being is reason, since it is the
characteristic human capacity, the one we don’t share with
other animals.
ARISTOTLE divided REASON into:
THEORITICAL concerning the contemplation of
unchangeable truths
PRACTICAL to do with choosing wisely in the
sphere of what can be change
Theoritical and Practical reason are a central part of the good life.

ANTONIA MACARO added fully rational life in order to


flourish as human beings we need to develop the VIRTUES
OF CHARACTER that allow us to feel and act according to
reason.
Eudaimonia and The Common Good

• It is our contention that human beings are Inclined to seek a


deeper sense of happiness than mere hedonistic notion of
pleasure and the absence of pain
• Eudaimonia focuses living in accord with what is
intrinsically worthwhile to human beings
• To fully appreciate eudaimonia, we must understand its
roots in Aristotle's virtue ethics-centered on his teleological
worldview whereby all things have a telos or a purpose.
• Another key aspect of the Aristotelian view of happiness is that the
good life is a life of relationships.

• The World Happiness Report itself shows that differences in happiness


across countries can be accounted for by six key variables-income per
capita, healthy life expectancy, social support, freedom to make life
choices, generosity, and the absence of corruption.
Empathy- ability to put one's self in
another's shoe

Compassion- involves not only being


sensitive to the emotion
of others but actually
caring about them
According to Amartya Sen, there is a distinction between sympathy
and commitment.

 Sympathy-- plays the role of empathic connection and


the response can actually correspond to self
interest.
 Commitment-- is less about empathic connection and
more about an other-regarding response to
rectify a wrong and which prompts the person to act
in a way that leads to lower personal welfare than an
alternative option.
Altruism is the unselfish concern for other people—doing
things simply out of a desire to help, not because you feel
obligated to out of duty, loyalty, or religious reasons. It
involves acting out of concern for the well-being of other
people.
Relationship is so central to well-being than
researchers are paying increased attention to so-
called "relational goods", long neglected in
modern economics.
Economic games involves division of resouces
and suggest 3 conclusions:

1. People value fairness


2. People tend to split the pile evenly and
reject offers perceived as unfair
3. People trust and reward trust
KIN SELECTION
• The idea that a gene survives and reproduces when others who bear that
same gene survives and reproduce

GROUP SELECTION
• Human groups exceling at cooperating and upholding moral norms gains
an advantage over other groups
• So while the evolutionary basis for altruism has
it's merits, it also has it's limitations. And our
evolutionary inheritance comes with a dark
side. Humans have a strong tendency to
separate into "in" and "out" groups, and
experiments show that the thresholds for group
loyalty can be very low.
• It is clear, then, that nature endows us with both
pro-social and anti-social instincts. Human beings
are capable of the heights of kindness and the
depths of brutality. They are capable of being
"primed" to act in certain ways. This demonstrateS
the limits of basing moral decisions on mere
sentiments or gut feelings.
• Sentiment must be tempered by the exercise of
reason. This after all, was the insight of Aristotle,
whose theory of flourishing is founded on the
notion that the exercise of reason is proper to
humans, what distinguishes us from animals, and
from untutored children, too. Stephen Pinker
argues persuasively that reason alone can extend
the reach of empathy beyond favored groups to the
whole of humanity.“
• Martin Seligman, one of the leaders of the "positive
psychology" movement, argues that human flourishing is
related to five distinct factors:
1. Positive emotion
2. Engagement
3. Relationships
4. Meaning and purpose in life
5. Accomplishment and achievements.
Similarly, "self-determination theory" posits that three basic
psychological needs are fundamental to eudaimonia—
autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
• PHILOSOPHIES OF THE GOOD LIFE: A
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR CATEGORIZING
CONTENT
What is the Good Life?" Responses to this question can be
roughly classified as either Perfectionistic or Hedonistic.
Perfectionist theories define good living as the development
and expression of inherent human talents and capacities.
Hedonist theories define good living as the successful
acquisition and appreciation of pleasure— the ultimate
intrinsic value. In Hedonism, the means to pleasure are
secondary. Achieving the result, drawing pleasure from an
object or activity, is key.
• Hedonism>the pursuit of pleasure, sensual-self indulgence.
>hedonists Epicurus and mill claim that the experience of
pleasure or happiness, and the absence of pain, should be the
universal objects of human desire. >Epicurus constructs an
essentially self-centered philosophy of the Good Life, concerning
himself with individual pleasure. ( CLASSICAL HEDONISM)
>according to Mill he rejects the egoistic aspect of Epicurus
thought and argues that the Good Life takes place in a social
rather than individual context in which the consideration and
maximization of all person's pleasure is paramount. ( SOCIAL
HEDONISM)
The Good Life stage Model brings together the Philosophy and
Psychology of good life. These are:* Cultural* Historical* Ideological*
MethodologicalParticularly when focusing on adult reasoning at the higher
stages of develipment, the philosophy and developmental psychology of
the Good Life appear more similar than tdifferent containing core elements
that have remained central for thousand of years. Good Life is combined
set of values that person's affirm in normative, ideal-evaluative
judgements about the good life, in general, and about good work, good
friendship or reelationship and the good person in particular. The domain
of the Good Life is conceptualized as broad including the:* Moral
Good(e.g. ethical dimensions of persons, relationship) * Nonmoral Good
(e.g. nonmoral aspects of work, family and community) On ocassion,
subject also produce judgements concerning the Moral Right in describing
the good life such as judgements mus also be counted for.
Distinctions Between the Good and the Right

As described, judgments about the Good Life often concern


the moral good and, sometimes, the moral right. Some
developmental psychologists, notably Kohlberg (1981), have
gone to great lengths to keep these categories of judgments
distinguishable. Others, for example, Gilligan (1981) and
Selman (1980), have ignored these distinctions .
• Ethical philosophers typically expend great effort in defining the
relationship between the good and the right.

The following hjpotheses were specified for the analyses of


follow-up data: (1) Conceptions of the Good Life can be
represented by a developmental, sequential stage model, ordered
by qualitative increase in cognitive complexity (inclusiveness)
and social perspective-taking capacities, (2) structural
development (stage change) occurs in adulthood, and (3) the
higher stages of the rnodel will appear only in adulthood, even
with a "privileged" sample.

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