SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

IN NATION BUILDING
OBJECTIVES

• Discuss the role of science and Technology in Philippine nation

building

• Evaluate government politics pertaining to science and technology

in terms of their contributions to nation building.

• Identify actual science and technology politics of the government and

appraise their impact on the development of the Filipino nation
 NATION BUILDING

 Nation Building is a process of constructing , structuring a national

identity using the power of state. It is a normative concept that means
different things to different people . Development is required in every
individual to every nation in all aspects and for development to happen,
science and technology go hand in hand.

• The role that science and technology has played in improving the life
conditions across the globe is vivid, but the benefit has been harvested
maximum by all countries . Science and technology has made a lot
easier.
 MODERNIZATION
• In every aspects of life is the greatest example of the
implementation of science and technology in every nation.
With the introduction of modern gadgets in every walk of life ,
life has become simple and this is possible only because of
implementing science and technology together.

• Without having modern equipment’s in all sectors be it in

medicine, infrastructures, aviation, electricity, information,
technology or any other field ,the advancement and benefits
that we face today would not been possible.
SCIENCE , TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Is the study of how social , political and cultural values

affect science research and technologies innovations
and how these in turn affect society.
 THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVES OF
NATION BUILDING
1. To make a violent society peaceful.
War and violence inevitably result in the denial of human rights .
Building a culture of human rights is a pre-condition to achieving a state
of peace. Sustainable lasting peace and security can only be attained
when all human rights right are fulfilled. Building and maintaining a
culture of peace is a shared for human kind.
2. Security
National security is the requirement
to maintain the survival of the state
through the use of economic power,
diplomacy, power projection and
political power.
Food
Food security is a condition related to
the availability of food supply. Nations
identified the four pillars of food
security as availability, access,
utilization and stability. The United
Nations (UN) recognized the Right to
Food in the Declaration of Human
Rights in 1948, and has since noted
that it is vital for the enjoyment of all
other rights.
Shelter
Access to stable, adequate shelter plays a
major role in the health and wellbeing of
families , and in particular children, by
providing a safe environment, the security
that allows participation in the social,
educational, economic, and community
aspects of their lives and the privacy to
foster autonomy as an individual and a
family unit.
 Education
Education correlates with nation-
build. With education, professionals
are nurtured that will enhance nation-
building. Education leads to efficient
usage of a nation’s resources which in
turn is very crucial to nation-building
because without efficient usage of a
nation’s resources, nation-building
will not be successful.
Basic Services
One of the key features in nation building
is to ensure that all citizens – especially
the poor and other vulnerable groups –
have access to basic services like health
care, social care, energy and
transportation.
3. ECONOMIC AND
POLITICAL
STABILITY
Political Stability and economic development are
deeply interconnected. The relationship between
economic growth and stability refers to the manner
in which the political stability of a nation can lead
us to economic growth. The common denominator
and the most obvious relationship between
economic growth and stability is the fact that a
stable environment fosters economic growth.
STS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Science and Technology in the Philippines
represents the wide scientific and technological
advances the Philippines has made.
DOST-DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Is the executive department of the Philippine
government responsible for the coordination of science
and technology-related projects in the Philippines and
to formulate policies and projects in the fields of
science and technology in support of national
development.
 BIOTECHNOLOG
F0RESTRY ENGINEERING
Y

AGRICULTURE LIFE SCIENCE

AQUACULTURE DOST SCISMOLOGY

METAL
INDUSTRY VOLCANOLOGY

NUCLEAR FOOD AND

RESEARCH HEALTH METEOROLOGY
NUTRITION
 Pre-Spanish Period
Long before the Spaniards came to the Philippines, Filipinos had a
civilization of their own. This civilization partly came from Malay settlers
and partly from their response to the new environment. Early Filipinos
settlers were already using the certain plants and herbs as medicines.
Systems of farming and animal-raising were also implemented. Many of
these customs and traditions, government and way of life, have come
down to the present day, despite the changes brought by westernization
and modernization. They already had an alphabet and number system.
Moreover, early Filipinos had also developed different modes of
transportation, whether terrestrial or maritime, they already engaged in
farming, shipbuilding, mining, and waving.
BAYBAYIN OR ALIBATA

• Known as the Unicode as the

Tagalog script
• Ancient Philippine Alphabet
• The term Baybayin is literally
means spelling
 SHIP BUILDING
• Filipinos were said to be proficient
in building ocean-going vessels
• All kind of boats and ships were
built, which the Spaniards later call
banca, balangay, lapis, caracoa,
virey, vinta and prau
 BANAUE RICE
TERRACES
• The Rice Terraces of the Philippines
Cordilleras is an outstanding example
of an evolved, living cultural landscape
that an be traced as far back as two
millennia ago in the pre-colonial
Philippines. One of the sophisticated
products of the Philippine engineering.
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

(1521 – 1898)
Spanish Colonialism began with the arrival of Miguel Lopez de
Legazpi’s expedition on February 13, 1565, from Mexico.
He established the first permanent settlement in Cebu.
In 1565, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi concluded treaties of friendship with
the native chiefs/datus. Spain’s primary aim and intention in the
Philippines was to spread their religion the Roman Catholicism.
 The discovery of the Philippines
by Magellan was 1521
• It is Ferdinand Magellan who arrived
expedition searching for the Spice Islands in
1521 and claimed it as a colony for the Spanish
Empire.
• He set up friendly relations with some of the
local chieftains and converted some of the
Roman Catholicism
• Magellan never completed the journey by
himself; He was then killed in an encounter
with natives in the Philippines.
• The colonization of the Philippines contributed to growth of
science and technology in the archipelago. The Spanish introduce a
formal education, and founded scientific institution. Later the
Spanish established colleges and universities in the archipelago
including the University of Santo Tomas.
• During the early years of Spanish colonization, education was
mostly religion-oriented and controlled by the Roman Catholic
Church.
Education in Spanish Era

• Education was “religion centered”

• Education for the elite only
• Spanish is compulsory
• Boys ang girls school are separated
AMERICAN PERIOD
• They established a government agency, the
Bureau of Science
• Science was inclined towards agriculture, food
processing, forestry, medicine and pharmacy.
• They established public educational system
• They improved the engineering works and the
health conditions of the people
• They established modern research university
such as the University of the Philippines,
Philippine Normal University etc.
• They created more public hospital such as
Philippine General Hospital
Highlights of Development of Science and Technology in Nation
Building During tha Presidency of the following:

Ferdinand E. Marcos
 He recognized that technology was the leading factor in economic
development, and channeled additional funds to support projects in applied
sciences and science education
 He added the Philippine Coconut Research Institute to the NSDB (National
Science Development Board)
 The NSDB also established the Philippine Textile Research Institute
 The Philippine Atomic Energy Commission of the NSDB explored the uses
of atomic energy for economic development
 In 1972, he created the National Grains Authority
 He established the Philippine Counsil for Agricultural Research
 He established the PAGASA under the Department of National Defense
 Under his term, NSDB was changed to NSTA (National Science and
Technology Authority)
Corazon C. Aquino
 The National Science and Technology Authority ( NSTA)
was replaced by the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST), giving science and technology a
representation in the cabinet
 The Presidential Task Force for Science and Technology
which came up with the first Science and Technology
Master Plan (STMP). The goal of STMP was for the
Philippines to achieve newly industrialized country status
by the year 2000
 The Presidency of Fidel V. Ramos, also known as the
Ramos Administration spanned for six years from June 30,
1992 to June 30, 1998. At the time of his assumption into FIDEL V. RAMOS
power, Fidel Ramos was the third oldest person following
Sergio Osmeña to become President of the Philippines at
the age of 64
 The first few years of his administration (1992–1995) were
characterized by economic boom, technological
development, political stability and efficient delivery of
basic needs to the people. During his time, he advocated
party platforms as outline and agenda for governance. As
in his case, he was the first Christian Democrat to be
elected in the country, being the founder of Lakas-CMD
(Christian-Muslim Democrats Party). He was one of the
most influential leaders and the unofficial spokesman of
liberal democracy in Asia.
 Known as Asian Tiger
 JOSEPH EJERCITO
ESTRADA
 The Presidency of Joseph Estrada, also known as the Estrada
Administration in the Philippines spanned for 31 months
from June 30, 1998 to January 20, 2001.
 Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act No. 8749) –
designed to protect and preserve the environment and ensure
the sustainable development of its natural resources.
 Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 8792)
– Outlaws computer hacking and provides opportunities for
new businesses emerging from the Internet-driven New
Economy.
 GLORIA
 The Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, also known as
MACAPAGAL
the Arroyo Administration, spanned nine years from ARROYO
January 20, 2001 to June 30, 2010.
 Her term was dubbed as the Golden Age of Science and
Technology
 Numerous laws and projects that concern both the
environment and Science to push technology as a tool to
increase the country’s economic level and help increase the
productivity from the Science, Technology and innovations
(STI) and help benefit the poor people.
 Coined term Filipinnovation
Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III

 Conferred four new national scientists

• Gavino C. Trono- seaweed species
• Angel C. Alcala- marine biology research
• Ramon C. Barba- induction of flowering of mango
• Edgardo D. Gomez- national conservation program
for coral reefs
 Improve the Weather forecasting system of PAG-ASA
(Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration)
RODRIGO DUTERTE

 Diwata-2 (Philippine Microsatellite)

 RA 11305 (Balik Scientist Program)

 Installed 271 new weather stations
Science and Technology Agenda in the Philippine Government

• By 2020, the Philippines shall have developed a wide range of

globally competitive products and services which have high
technology content.
• DOST launched the Harmonized National Research and
Development Agenda 2017-2022.
• Enhanced Science and Technology Awareness and Support
among leaders
• Highly developed culture of innovation
• World class universities in Science and Technology
• Additional internationally recognized Filipino scientist
     WHAT IS THE ROLE OF SCIENCE
IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?
 JOSE GOLDEMBERG

→is a physical science professor at the University of Saō

Paulo, Brazil.

→ he has held Brazil's top government posts in science and

education, the environment, and the state education and has
written many technical papers and books on nuclear physics,
energy, and the environment
After the Second War, a small technical elite arose in developing
countries such as India, Pakistan, Brazil, and Iraq who have been
educated as scientists in the industrialize world. They thought that
pushing manhattan project-type enterprises in development of thei
countries.

What scientists and national leaders alike failed to understand was that
development does not necessarily coincide with the possession of
nuclear weapons or the capability to launch satellites. Rather, it
requires modern agriculture, industrial systems, and education. The
technical elite natively believed that spin-offs from their nuclear energy
or space programs would somehow convert their countries to 20th-
centur industrialized states. Instead, there were heavy and economic
and political costs.
This scenario means that in developing countries should not
expect to follow the research model that led to th scientific
enterprise of the United States, and elsewhere. Rather, it is
a need to adapt and develop technologies appropriate to the
local circumstances, help strengthen education, and expand
our roles as advisers in both government industry
 1. Help adapt technology to local circumstances. 
   Even when technologies are imported from abroad, research is necessary to make
them work. Rather than insisting on developing indigenous technologies, when
abundant and well-proven technologies esist, scientist can help choose tha right
ones, given the local environment and available raw materials, and learn how to use
them. 

2. Incorporate new science into education. 

     Development requires a well-trained work force; therefore, high-quality education
must be put in place early in development. The teaching of modern science in
engineering or medical schools cannot be restricted to the same old classical
textbooks but has to be done by active scientists who read the current literature and
are capable of conveying the latest advances to their students. This approach worked
well in the 19th century during the Meiji restoration, which brought Japan into the
modern world. 
3. Be involve in government.
  Science and scientists are an important element in choices and decisions made
by governments and can make a difference.  

    
  It also helped to mediate a conflict in Brazil between multinational enterprises
that had computer technology and wanted free access to local markets and local
entrepreneurs who wished to preserve the markets for theme selves in the 1980's
the local entrepreneurs convinced the government to establish high import
barriers, virtually isolating the region and condemning it to use obsolete
technology. I helped resolve this issue by convincing foreign companies and local
enterprises to set up joint ventures in which the technology came from abroad but
the manufacturing was local. 
                Scientific research is motivated not only by curiosity or love for science, but
also by fashions and the perception that some areas of research are more rewarding
than others. The current emphasis given to costly therapeutics for the treatment AIDS
is counterproductive in developing countries, where a vaccine against the disease is
the only real hope. 

                   In conclusion, my experience has shown that tge transition of a country

from developing to developing to developed is a complex process that requires facing
up to the established interest in society. The impetus for this has to come not only from
scientists but from other sectors of society as well. In a world where globalization and
competitiveness are the rule,progress requires that developing countries find areas in
which they are significantly better than their competitors because of a better trained
word force, favorable natural resources, or scientific and technological
capabilities.Science and scientists can play an important role in determining those
choices and implementing development strategies.