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Exam 2 Review

The document describes an exam review for a study design course. It provides 20 multiple choice questions about key concepts in experimental design, including sample types, independent and dependent variables, internal and external validity, and advantages of different research designs. The questions cover topics like true experiments, confounding variables, random assignment, and within-subjects versus between-subjects designs.

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Gil Gamesh
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115 views

Exam 2 Review

The document describes an exam review for a study design course. It provides 20 multiple choice questions about key concepts in experimental design, including sample types, independent and dependent variables, internal and external validity, and advantages of different research designs. The questions cover topics like true experiments, confounding variables, random assignment, and within-subjects versus between-subjects designs.

Uploaded by

Gil Gamesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exam 2 Review!

S
A researcher wants to compare the
effectiveness of two SAT
preparation programs and she is
thinking about how to design her
study.

S
1

 What kind of sample will the researcher probably use?

 a. random

 b. convenience
2

 What is the independent variable?

 a. college acceptance

 b. SAT preparation program

 c. scores on the SAT

 d. student ethnicity
A researcher wants to compare the
effectiveness of two SAT
preparation programs and she is
thinking about how to design her
study.

S
3

 Which kind of design would make the most sense to use?

 a. between-subjects experiment

 b. within-subjects experiment
4

 Assuming the researcher randomly assigns her participants to conditions, which of the
following is true?

 a. The study will have no internal validity.

 b. The study will have low internal validity.

 c. The study will have high internal validity.


5

 Which of the following could be a dependent variable in this study?

 a. SAT scores

 b. satisfaction with the program

 c. college acceptance

 d. all of the above


6

 Which of the following is an advantage of using a within-subjects design?

 a. A within-subjects design holds confounding variables constant across conditions.

 b. A within-subjects design does not require the manipulation of an independent


variable.

 c. A within-subjects design prevents carryover effects.


7

 Ted conducts an experiment similar to Mueller and Oppenheimer’s (2014) with a


laptop note-taking condition and a longhand note-taking condition—but using a
within-subjects design. If he is using counterbalancing, what does this mean?

 a. Participants are exposed to the same lecture in the two conditions.

 b. Participants in one condition receive the treatment; participants in the other


condition receive a placebo.
8

 What does a true experiment have that a quasi-experiment does not?

 a. an independent variable

 b. a manipulation

 c. a manipulation check

 d. random assignment
9

 Why are confounding variables bad?

 a. They provide an alternative explanation for any observed difference between conditions.

 b. They reduce internal validity.

 c. They make it hard to tell if the independent variable was responsible for the effect on the
dependent variable.

 d. all of the above.


10

 Is the following statement true or false?

 Random sampling is an important part of most psychological research studies.

 a. true

 b. false
11

 Is a sample of elderly people in Tulare County a representative sample?

 a. yes

 b. no

 c. It depends on the population.


12

 Which of the following research questions is most likely to be addressed using a


qualitative research design?

 a. Are women especially likely to return to college shortly after getting a divorce?

 b. What challenges are faced by women returning to college in their 40’s?

 c. How well do returning students perform in college compared to traditional college-


age students?
13

 Is the statistical relationship described below weak, medium, or strong?

 Pearson’s r was .05.

 a. weak

 b. medium

 c. strong
14

 Which of the following headings belong in the methods section for a complex study?

 a. participants, design, and procedure

 b. participants, design, procedure, and results

 c. participants, materials, design, and procedure


15

 Imagine a study on the effect of note taking type (longhand vs. laptop) on the later
recall of lecture material. If someone were to say the study was low in external
validity, what would that person mean?

 a. There is no statistical relationship between note taking type and recall.

 b. It is not possible to measure recall.

 c. It is not clear that the note taking type is actually influencing recall.

 d. The study is artificial and the results may not apply to real life.
16

 Imagine a study on the effect of note taking type (longhand vs. laptop) on the later
recall of lecture material. If someone were to say the study was low in internal
validity, what would that person mean?

 a. There is no statistical relationship between note taking type and recall.

 b. It is not possible to measure recall.

 c. It is not clear that the note taking type is actually influencing recall.

 d. The study is artificial and the results may not apply to real life.
17

 Which of the following is an advantage of using a between-subjects design?

 a. A between-subjects design holds confounding variables constant across conditions.

 b. A between-subjects design does not require the manipulation of an independent


variable.

 c. A between-subjects design prevents carryover effects.


18

 Why is a pretest-posttest design considered to be quasi-experimental?

 a. The dependent variable is measured twice.

 b. Participants are not randomly assigned to conditions or orders of conditions.

 c. It is usually used in schools and hospitals rather than psychology laboratories.


19

 Imagine an experiment with anxiety as the independent variable. If each condition


includes half men and half women, then sex is which of the following?

 a. extraneous variable

 b. confounding variable

 c. dependent variable
20

 Which area of psychology is most likely to use single-subject research designs?

 a. social psychology

 b. clinical psychology

 c. cognitive psychology

 d. applied behavior analysis

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