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Complex Number: John Karlo Mendoza BS Mechanical Engineering University of The Philippines Diliman

A complex number is any number of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i^2 = -1. The real part of a complex number z is denoted Re(z) and the imaginary part is denoted Im(z). The set of all complex numbers is denoted C. Operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are defined for complex numbers by treating i as an indeterminate satisfying i^2 = -1.

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57 views

Complex Number: John Karlo Mendoza BS Mechanical Engineering University of The Philippines Diliman

A complex number is any number of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i^2 = -1. The real part of a complex number z is denoted Re(z) and the imaginary part is denoted Im(z). The set of all complex numbers is denoted C. Operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are defined for complex numbers by treating i as an indeterminate satisfying i^2 = -1.

Uploaded by

JChris Esguerra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPLEX NUMBER

John Karlo Mendoza


BS Mechanical Engineering
University of the Philippines Diliman
Complex Number

A complex number is any number of the form

a + b

where a,b  R, 2 = -1.


Remarks
1. If a,b  R, a – b = a + (-b) is a complex
number.

2. If z = a + b is a complex number, then the


real part of z, denoted Re(z), is a, and the
imaginary part of z, denoted Im(z), is b.
Remarks
z Re(z) Im(z)
2 + 3 2 3
1 1
 2i  2
3 3
5 5 0
4 0 4
Remarks

3. If a  R, then a = a + 0, i.e., a is a complex


number with real part a and imaginary
part 0.
Hence, R  C, where C is the set of
complex numbers
Remarks

4. A complex number a + b is an imaginary


number if b  0. The set of imaginary
numbers,
I = {a + b|a,b  R, b  0} is a subset
of C with R  I = C, and R  I = 
Remarks

5. A pure imaginary number is an imaginary


number whose real part is equal to zero.
Examples
3
4,  , i  2i
8
Remarks
6. If a  R, b  C, then b is the square root of
a, if b2 = a.
Examples
a) 3 & -3 are the square roots of 9
b)  is a square root of -1
c) 5 is a square root of -25
Remarks

7. If a  R, a > 0, then the principal square


root of –a denoted by isa i a
Example
 25  (1)(25)  5i
Remarks
8. The complex number z is said to be in
rectangular (standard form) if z = a + b,
where a,b  R, i  1
Examples
 4  2i
9 3
  8   2i 2
16 4
Remarks
9. Two complex numbers a + b and c + d
are equal if a = c & b = d.
Example
If 7x + 2 = -14 – 8y, what is x & y?

7x = -14 2 = -8y
x = -2 y 1
4
Remarks

10. There is no order/concept or order in C.


Remarks
11. 0 = 1 4 = 1 8 = 1
1 =  5 =  9 = 
2 = -1 6 = -1 10 = -1
3 = - 7 = - 11 = -
In general, if k  Z
4k = 1 4k+2 = -1
4k+1 =  4k+3 = -
Remarks

Examples
20 =1
-196 = 1 196  1 1
i 1
10,012,634,121,341 =
Conjugate
The conjugate of a complex number z = a +
b, denotedz by , is a – b.
Examples
3  2i  3  2i
 7  i  7  i
55
4i  4i
Remarks
1. If the complex number is a
a) real number, then its conjugate is itself
b) pure imaginary number, then its
conjugate is its negative

2. If z  C, z  z
Operations on Complex Numbers, C

Let z1,z2  C, z1 = a + b, z2 = c + d, where


a,b,c,d  R

Addition/Subtraction

z1  z2 = (a + b)  (c + d)
= (a  c) + (b  d)
Operations on Complex Numbers, C

Examples
1. (2 + 3) + (-8 + 6) = -6 + 9

   
2. 2  3i   8  6i  (2  3i )  (8  6i )
 6  9i

Remark:  
If z1,z2  C, thenz1  z2  z1  z2
Operations on Complex Numbers, C

Multiplication

z1  z2 = (a + b)(c + d)
= ac + ad + bc + bd2
= (ac – bd) + (ad + bc)
Operations on Complex Numbers, C
Examples
1. (2 + 3)(-8 + 6)
= -16 + 12 – 24 + 182
= -34 – 12

  
2. 2  3i  8  6i  (2  3i )(8  6i )
= -16 – 12 + 24 + 182
= -34 + 12
Operations on Complex Numbers, C

Remark:  
If z1,z2  C, thenz1  z2  z1  z2
Operations on Complex Numbers, C

Division
z1 a  bi c  di
 
z2 c  di c  di
ac  adi  bci  bdi 2

c d
2 2

ac  bd bc  ad
 2  2 i
c d 2
c d 2
Operations on Complex Numbers, C

Example
2  3i  8  6i  16  12i  24i  18
 
 8  6i  8  6i 64  36
2 36
  i
100 100
1 9
  i
50 25
Remarks

1. The field axioms and axioms of equality are


satisfied by C.
Remarks
2. Let z  C, with z = a + b, a,b  R
a) z  z  (a  bi )  (a  bi )
= 2a
= 2(Re(z))
b) z  z  (a  bi )(a  bi )
= a2 + b2
= [Re(z)]2 + [Im(z)]2
Remarks
3. Complex numbers must be written in
standard form first before performing any
operation.
Example
 4   9  36  6

 4   9  2i  3i  6i  6
2
Exercise

If
 3   
 36   1 2   1 
 a  bi
2 9
Find a & b.
Answer

4 20
a  ,b 
13 13

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