¸ÀĸÁéUÀ

vÀ
Indian Agriculture
Indian Agriculture
Land Holdings Patterns Call for Smaller
Mechanization Solutions…
Shortage of Agricultural Labour
Triggering Mechanization Drive
 Contribution of Mechanization
AiÀiÁAwæÃPÀgÀtzÀ
Benefits G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀUÀ¼ÀÄ Value
Saving in seed 15-20%
Saving in fertilizer 15-20%
Saving in time 20-30%
Reduction in labours 20-30%
Increase in cropping intensity 5-20%
Higher productivity 10-15%

9
LAND PREPARATION
 TERRACER CUM LEVELLER
ªÀÄtÄÚ ¸ÀªÀÄvÀlÄÖ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀ AiÀÄAvÀæ

 To level the field

 To form field bunds and terraces for moisture

conservation and to prevent soil erosion

13
 Tractor operated Spading machine

mÁæPÀÖgï ZÁ°vÀ ¸ÁàrAUï AiÀÄAvÀæ

14
ರೋಲರ್ ಲಗತ್ತನ್ನು
LOW DRAFT CHISEL PLOUGH
PÀrªÉÄ D¼ÀzÀ
a¸É¯ï £ÉÃV®Ä

16
 AUGER DIGGER
(Pit making)

 Dig holes of 30 cm diameter upto 40

cm depth
 35 to 40 holes per hour

ಬೈರಿಗೆ ಡಿಗ್ಗರ್ 17
 IRRIGATION CHANNEL FORMER
¤ÃgÀÄ Gt¸ÀĪÀ £Á¯É ªÀiÁqÀĪÀ ¸ÁzsÀ£À

Purpose : To form
irrigation channel at
regular intervals

18
 TRACTOR DRAWN BUND FORMER
mÁæPÀÖgï ZÁ°vÀ §zÀÄ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀ ¸Áz

 Useful for forming

compartmental bunds
Conserves soil moisture
 An area of 4.0 ha can be
covered per day
19
 TRENCHER
ºÀ¼Àî ªÀiÁqÀĪÀ ¸ÁzsÀ£À

Coverage : 1.7 kilometer length of trench/h

Function : Trench size 30 x 30 cm
21
Tractor Operated Raised Bed Planter
inclined plate type
Vegetable Transplanter
 Manually Operated Multi-crop Drill

Crops for which machine is

adaptable : all crops
Seeding mechanism: Fluted
roller
Power transmission: Through
chain and sprocket
Hopper capacity (kg): 2
Furrow opener: Shovel type
 Rotary Dibbler

Seed metering: Cell type, six cells

Seed placement device: Jaw type
Capacity : 0.6 to 1.0ha/day
Labour requirement : 27 man-h/ha
 Seeding Attachment to CIAE Animal Drawn Tool Frame

The seeding attachment is

suitable for sowing wheat,
gram, pea, soybean, sorghum
and pigeon pea. It can apply
granular fertilizers like urea,
DAP
Row to row spacing : 22 cm
No. of rows : 3
Seed metering: Fluted rollers
Furrow opener: Shoe type
Field capacity: 0.1-0.15 ha/h
 ANANTA BULLOCK GRAWN GROUNDNUT PLANTER

Ananta 4-row bullock drawn 4-row bullock drawn seed drill

automatic planter

Trough feed mechanism with vertical

plate in Ananta bullock drawn planter
ANANTA PLANTER

Ananta planter Local seed drill

Seed in hopper of Ananta planter Metering mechanism in Ananta

planter (inclined plate with slots)
Suitable crops can be sown with
Ananta planter

1. Groundnut
2. Castor
3. Bengalgram
4. Redgram
Nandyala planter

Parameters Details
Power source Tractor of above 35
HP
Row to row spacing, 30 cm
Width operation 2.4 m
Seed metering Horizontal plate
mechanism
Seed rate 110 – 120 kg/ha
Cost of operation Rs.875/ha
No. of labor Only driver
Cost Rs.70000/-
Field capacity 5 – 6 ha/day
Suitable crops Groundnut and
bengalgram
KISAN PLANTER

Parameters Details
Power source Tractor of above 35 HP
Row to row spacing, 30 cm
Width operation 2.4 m
Seed metering Trough feed with
mechanism vertical plate
Seed rate 110 – 120 kg/ha
Cost of operation Rs.875/ha
No. of labor Only driver
Cost Rs.70000/-
Field capacity 5 – 6 ha/day
Suitable crops Groundnut
GUJARAT PLANTER CUM FERTILIZER DRILL

Parameters Details
Power source Tractor of above 35 HP
Row to row spacing, 30 cm
Width operation 2.4 m
Seed metering Cup feed
mechanism
Seed rate 110 – 120 kg/ha
Cost of operation Rs.875/ha
No. of labor Only driver
Cost Rs.70000/-
Field capacity 5 – 6 ha/day
Suitable crops Groundnut
Groundnut +Redgram
planter (8:1)
R
e
d
g
r
Groundnut a
m
Groundnut
 ri n g Blad e
Cove
Modified
Aqua seed planter
 Tractor operated Pneumatic planter

Used for precise planting of cotton, maize, groundnut etc seed. It meters single seed at a time.
Field capacity = 0.3 ha/h
 Tractor operated zero-till seed-cum-
fertilizer drill

• Output capacity:
0.30 – 0.40 ha/h
• The machine saves
about 40-60% of time
and 10-15% water
through first
irrigation. The use of a
zero-till drill leads to
substantial saving in
cost of operation as
compared to the
conventional
practices.
 Tractor operated Strip-Till Drill
Machine function –
Partial seed bed
preparation &
sowing in single
operation
Saving
– 60% cost of
operation
- 40% fuel
Field capacity =
0.25 ha/h
 Tractor operated Roto-Till Drill

• Function
Seed bed
preparation
and Sowing
of wheat in
one
Operation
Field capacity =
0.25 ha/h
 Tractor mounted inclined plate planter
(Multicrop Planter)

• Function
• Used for planting of
bold grains like maize,
sunflower, pea, gram,
bhindi etc.

• Field capacity=
0.4 ha/h
Effective width of
coverage = 1.850 m
Field efficiency= 64%.
 ANANTA INTERCULTURE IMPLEMENT

vÉUÉAiÀÄĪÀ ¸ÁzsÀ£À
Tractor Operated Aero Blast Sprayer
Air-assisted Sprayer
 TRACTOR OPERATED TALL TREE
SPRAYER FOR COCONUT
mÁæPÀÖgï ZÁ°vÀ
vÉAV£ÀªÀÄgÀzÀ ¹A¥ÀgÀt
Spraying on coconut bunches
AiÀÄAvÀæ
Coconut sprayer in transit

63
ಸ್ವಯಂ ಪ್ರಚೋದಿತಗೊಂಡ ಲಂಬವಾದ ಕನ್ವೇಯರ್ PÀmÁªÀÅ AiÀÄAvÀæ (ರೀಪ
ಸ್ವಯಂ ಪ್ರಚೋದಿತಗೊಂಡ ರೀಪರ್
Self-propelled Reaper Binder
Tractor Front Mounted Vertical Conveyor
Reaper
GROUNDNUT DIGGER

BLADE GUNTAKA ASHA GUNTAKA

GROUNDNUT DIGGER SHAKER CUM WINDROWER

ಶೇಂಗಾ
TNAU - TRACTOR MOUNTED GROUNDNUT
HARVESTER

ಶೇಂಗಾ
Maize Sheller

ಮೆಕ್ಕೆ ಜೋಳ
Gender Friendly Threshing Equipment
ಶೇಂಗಾ

Stripping of groundnut pods

 DRY POD THRESHER FOR GROUNDNUT

Capcity – 200-300 kg pods/h

ಒಣ ಶೇಂಗಾ Nela kadalai

 WET POD THRESHER

Capacity – 300-400 kg pods/h

ಆರ್ದ್ರ ಶೇಂಗಾ Nela kadalai

P.T.O operated Groundnut Thresher
Castor sheller
 Groundnut Decorticator

Capacity – 30 kg pods/h

Capacity – 250-300 kg pods/h

ಶೇಂಗಾ Nela kadalai

ಸೂರ್ಯಕಾಂತಿ

Suryakanthi
 MAIZE THRESHER

The machine is used for dehusking and shelling of maize cobs.

The machine is run with tractor pto or with a 10 hp
electric motor. Capacity is 1500-2000 kg/h
ಮೆಕ್ಕೆ ಜೋಳ
Mekkai Jola
High Capacity
Threshers

ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯದ
(ಅQìAiÀįï ಫ್ಲೋ)
MPÀÌuÉ AiÀÄAvÀæ
 Groundnut combine harvester

Nelakadalai
ಶೇಂಗಾ
 POWER TILLER OPERATED TURMERIC
HARVESTER

 Coverage : 0.4 ha/day

 Damage : 0.5% (3%)
 Undug rhizomes : 0.8% (4.9%)

ರಿಶಿನ PÀmÁªÀÅ AiÀÄAvÀæ 86

 Tractor mounted turmeric harvester

್ರ್ಯಾಕ್ಟರ್ ಮೇಲೆ ಅಳವಡಿಸಲಾದ ಅರಿಶಿನ PÀmÁªÀÅ AiÀÄAvÀæ

87
Hand held Cotton picker

ಹತ್ತಿ 88
 Unmanned Automated Coconut
Harvesting Device (Robot) (TNAU)
Field Balers
Self-propelled Rice Combine (CLASS)
Field capacity: 4 ha/day
Cost : Rs. 16.00 lakh
Track Type Self-propelled Rice Combines
(KUKJE, YANMAR etc.)
Harvesting
Tall tree Climbing Devices
vÉAV£À ªÀÄgÀ
ºÀvÀÄÛªÀ ¸ÁzsÀ£À

TNAU Model

Kerala Farmer Model

102
Source: CPCRI. Kasargoad Commercial Model
 Climbing device with harvesting knife – for
arecanut

Arecanut Tree climber

machine _developed by
Farmer
Low cost arecanut harvester
 Coconut dehusking equipment

Traditional para

Hand operated tool

( Commercial)

Pedal operated model

( CPCRI model)

120 106

nuts/h
 Medium Capacity Power operated Coconut dehuskers- Commercial Models

300-400 nuts/h

Hydraulically operated – 200 nuts/h) Kovai Engineering Works (P) limited Coimbatore
107
Vishal Industries, Coimbatore
UAS Model Manual CPCRI, Kasargoad
Arecanut Dehusker Pedal Operated
80 kg raw nuts / h (4 persons) Arecanut Dehusker:
 Continuous feed power operated arecanut
dehusker – Commercial Models

For dry nuts For green nuts

75 kg/h (dehusked nut)
250 kg per hour ( input capacity)

109
 Continuous feed power operated arecanut
dehusker – Commercial Models

¹¥Éà
Adike¸ÀÄ°AiÀÄĪÀ ¸ÁzsÀ£À
110
 Post harvest mechanization

ÀmÁªÀÅ £ÀAvÀgÀzÀ AiÀiÁAwæÃPÀ

111
 MECHANICAL THRESHER
FOR BLACK PEPPER
AiÀiÁAwæÃPÀÈvÀ ªÉÄt¸ÀÄ MPÀÌuÉ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀ AiÀÄAvÀæ

• Suitable for threshing black

pepper from the pepper vine.
• Efficiency – 95%.
• Suitable for medium holdings.
• Capacity – 320 kg/h

112
 ROTORY SIEVE MULTI CROP
CLEANER CUM GRADER
ºÀÄ ¨É¼ÉAiÀÄ ¸ÀéZÀÒ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀ AiÀÄAvÀ
• It is a continuous type.
• The sieves can be changed
according to the CROP.
• Suitable for grains, spices, etc.
• Efficiency of the unit is 96%
• Capacity 100-250 kg/h

113
 PULPER CUM WASHER
FOR COFFEE

• Suitable for both pulping

and washing
• Requires less water (4 litres
per kg of parchments)
compared to 14 litres by the
conventional pulpers.
• Breakage is minimum
• Capacity- 500 kg/h

114
 CHILLI SEED EXTRACTOR
ªÉÄt¹£À ©Ãd vÉUÉAiÀÄĪÀ ¸ÁzsÀ£À
• Continuous type.
• Minimal scorching and
pungent smell to
labourers.
• After seed separation,
chilli can be ground and
used for food purpose.
• Capacity 50 kg/h

115
 TOMATO SEED EXTRACTOR
mÉƪÀiÁmÉÆ ©Ãd vÉUÉAiÀÄĪÀ ¸ÁzsÀ£À
• Seed extraction is faster
compared to the manual
method
• Less water requirement (3
litre per minute)
• Capacity – 180 kg/h

116
 BRINJAL SEED EXTRACTOR
§zÀ£É ©Ãd vÉUÉAiÀÄĪÀ ¸ÁzsÀ£À

• The extraction of seed is faster

than the manual method.
• Water requirement is reduced (3
litre per minute)
• Capacity 120 kg of fruit /h

117
badanekai
 TURMERIC BOILER
Cj²£À ¨ÉìĸÀĪÀ AiÀÄAvÀæ
• Enhanced boiling and improvement in colour.
• Less fuel requirement.
• Reduces drying time
• Capacity- 1600 kg/batch

harishine 118
Aonla seed removal unit…..
C£ÉÆî ©Ãd
vÉUÉAiÀÄĪÀ WÀlP

119
Batch type Peeler
Inlet

Outlet

Thepeeling of the surface is done by the combined action of rubbing

between the multiplier onion samples and the abrasive centrifugal action
between the multiplier onion and the corrugated rubber sheet

2 min for a batch of 2 kg

120
Chikka irulli
 Pomogranate Aril Extractor

Due to counter rotation of the holders, fruit breaks into two irregular halves loosening the
arils for easy separation. About 20-25% arils are already separated in the process of irregular
breaking due to shearing action on the inner sheath and outer peel and rest are separated
by hand.

dallimbre
Mechanical Pomegranate Aril Extractor

•Higher aril extraction capacity; around 5.0 quintal per hour

•Aril extraction/separation efficiency is in the range of 90-94%
•Mechanical damage received by arils is only 1-2%
New Technologies and
Equipments …

123
EDP Value addition by processing of banana central core

Minimally processed products

Juice
Bale gobu
 Value addition by processing of curry leaf

Dryer
Stripper

Dried sample

Packaged sample karebavu

 Value addition by processing of Moringa leaf

Stripper Drier

Capsules Tablets Granulues

Fresh products Tea cut

Dried products Nugge yele

 EDP Value addition by processing of Jack fruit

Halesi hannu
 Value addition by Millet processing

Millet mill Pulveriser

Millet thresher Destoner

Millet processing centre siredhane

 Aonla Products Guava Bar

Parale hannu
nallikai
 Powdering Technology for
Green chili processing
Beetroot

Beetroot Powder Chili Puree

Beetroot RTS

Beetroots are rich in the nutrient Betaine Green Chili Powder

(betacyanin) that can be harmful to blood
vessels and thus beneficial to the blood,
Hase manesinkai
the heart, and the digestive system.
Shrink Packaging of Fruits and Vegetables

Increased shelf life

Better quality
Higher returns
Minimal Processing of Vegetables
Village youth may be encouraged to take up
entrepreneurship for custom hiring of farm machinery

Farm machinery service centres in combinations with

custom hiring services may be established in potential hot
spot areas
 A-Z
Mechanization in Groundnut crop
 ±ÉÃAUÁ ¨ÉøÁAiÀÄzÀ°è PÀȶ
AiÀÄAvÉÆæÃ¥ÀPÀgÀtUÀ¼À §¼ÀPÉ
 A-Z Mechanization in Groundnut crop (hectare)

1. Land preparation:
Particulars No. of labours Duration Cost/ day Area Cost/ ha
hr/day (Rs) coverage (Rs)
per day
(ha)
T1. Bullock Men Bullock pair
drawn ploughing (Rs.300/day) (Rs.1,500/day)
10 persons 10 pair
08 18,000 01 18,000

T2. Tractor drawn Hiring charge of Tractor with

cultivation cultivator/plough (500/hr)
01 08 4,000 06 6,66
 2. sowing:
Particulars No. of labours Duration Cost/ Area Cost/ seed saving Fertilizer saving Total
hr/day day coverage ha Cost/ha
per day
(Rs) (ha) (Rs) Rs
T1. Bullock Men Women Bullock 08 2,400 1.6 1,500 seed Price/ha Fertizer Price/ha
drawn (Rs.300/ pair rate/ha rate/ha
sowing day) (Rs.150/ (Rs.1,50 (gn seed (gn
day) 0/day) 80 Rs fertilizer
/kg) Rs /kg)
01 04 01
T2. Tractor Hiring charge of tractor 08 4000 6.0 666.00 seed Price/ha Fertizer Price/ha
drawn with sowing equipment rate/ha rate/ha (gn
sowing (gn /kg) fertilizer
Rs(500/hr)
Rs /kg)
01
 3. Weeding:
Particulars No. of labours Duration Cost/ day Area coverage per Cost/ ha
hr/day (Rs) day (ha) (Rs)
T1. Manual Women (Rs.150/day)
weeding 25 08 3,750 1 3,750
T2. Bullock Men Bullock pair
drawn weeding (Rs, 300/day) (Rs,1,500/day)
03 01 08 2,400 01 2,400
T3. Tractor Hiring charge of tractor with weeding
drawn weeding equipment (Rs.500/hr)
01
08 4,000 4.8 833
 4. Spraying:
Particulars No. of labours Duration Cost/ day Area Cost/ ha
hr/day (Rs) coverage per (Rs)
day (ha)

T1. Manual spraying Men (Rs.300/day)

08 900 1 900
03
Hiring charge of tractor with
T2. Bhoom spraying bhoom sprayer (Rs.500/hr)
01
08 4,000 06 666
 5. Digger:
Particulars No. of labours Duration hr/day Cost/ day Area coverage Cost/ ha
(Rs) per day (ha) (Rs)
T1.Manual Women (Rs.150/day) 08 3,000 1.0 3,000
harvesting 20
T2. Bullock Men Bullock pair 08 2,100 0.5 4,200
drawn digging (Rs.300/day) (Rs.1,500/day)

02 01
T3. Harvesting Hiring charge of tractor with 08 4,000 3.0 1,333
digger with digger (Rs.500/hr)
tractor drawn
01
 6. Thresher:
Particulars No. of labours Duration Cost/ day Area coverage Cost/ ha
hr/day (Rs) per day (ha) (Rs)

T1. Manual Women (Rs .150/day) 08 4,500 1 4,500

threshing
30
T2. Wet pod Men Hiring charge of tractor 08 5,200 1 5,200
thresher (Rs.300/day) with digger (Rs.500/hr)

4 01
 7. Transportation:
Particulars No. of labours Duration Cost/ day Area coverage Cost/ ha
hr/day (Rs) per day (ha) (Rs)

T1. Bullock cart Men Rs (150) Bullock cart

(300/pass)
04 03 08 1,500 1 1,500
T2. Tractor Men Rs (300) Tractor hiring
(500/pass)

04 06 08 4,200 2.4 1,750

 Abstract:
Comparison between farmers practices V/S mechanization in groundnut cultivation
in central dry zone IV, Karnataka

Particulars No. of labour Operation cost Rs/ha

required/ha ( labour + hiring
charges )
Farmers practices 96 24,775
Mechanization 13 11,114

Cost saving through mechanization = 24,775 – 11,114 = 13,661

Percentage saving through mechanization = (24,775 – 11,114) X 100 = 55.10 %

24,775
Technology Developed UAS,
Bangalore/Shivamogga