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EECE-119 AC Circuit: Instantaneous Current, Voltage and Power, R, L, C, RL, RC, RLC Branches

EECE-119 AC Circuit document discusses the behavior of purely resistive (R), inductive (L), and capacitive (C) branches in an AC circuit. - In an R branch, the current and voltage are in phase. Power is the product of instantaneous voltage and current. Average power is transferred from source to load. - In an L branch, the current lags 90 degrees from the voltage. Average power is zero as energy delivered in one half cycle is returned in the next. - In a C branch, the current leads 90 degrees from the voltage. As with the L branch, average power is zero as energy storage is exchanged each half cycle between the capacitor and source

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115 views

EECE-119 AC Circuit: Instantaneous Current, Voltage and Power, R, L, C, RL, RC, RLC Branches

EECE-119 AC Circuit document discusses the behavior of purely resistive (R), inductive (L), and capacitive (C) branches in an AC circuit. - In an R branch, the current and voltage are in phase. Power is the product of instantaneous voltage and current. Average power is transferred from source to load. - In an L branch, the current lags 90 degrees from the voltage. Average power is zero as energy delivered in one half cycle is returned in the next. - In a C branch, the current leads 90 degrees from the voltage. As with the L branch, average power is zero as energy storage is exchanged each half cycle between the capacitor and source

Uploaded by

Arifur Rahman MSquare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EECE-119

AC Circuit

Instantaneous Current, Voltage and


Power, R,L,C, RL, RC, RLC Branches.
Purely Resistive Load (R Branch):

•  
When voltage will be applied to resistor R, this voltage will cause current to flow.
Current rises and falls at the same time the voltage rises and falls. (So they are said to
be in phase).

Here, applied voltage, v=


i) i= v/R
= /R
=.

Plot v and i in the same curve.


•ii) The
  impedance, Z= v/I
=
=R

iii) Power, p = vi;


••  The instantaneous power wave is of double frequency variation with respect to the
frequency of voltage and current.
• The power has an average value of .
• If there is equal oscillation above and below over one full cycle, it means there will
be no net power or energy transfer. In the equation, the average power of the 2 nd
portion is zero. Here, equal positive and negative area cancels each other and
power transfer becomes zero.
• The first portion has a constant magnitude, which is not time dependent and it
provides some net power called real or average power.
Purely Inductive Circuit (L Branch):

The voltage across the inductor is directly related to the rate of change of current
through the coil. The higher the frequency, greater is the rate of change of current and
the greater is the magnitude of voltage.
Again, inductance of the coil determines the rate of change of the flux linking the coil for
a particular change in current through coil. Higher inductance result in a greater rate of
change of the flux linkage, again results in greater magnitude of voltage.
•Now,  the equation for voltage in an inductive
v=
branch,

=L
i) So, the equation of current becomes,
di= v dt
i=
=
= +C
= sin (t - 90˚)
= .

Plot v and i in the same curve.


•  
ii) The impedance, Z= v/I
=
=
=

iii) Power,
P= vi
=
= [- sin cos]
=- [2 sin cos ]
= - sin 2
= 0 - sin 2
So, the average or real power = 0.
iv) The amount of energy delivered to the circuit:
The average power absorbed is equal to zero.
The positive cycle of power means inductive element receives
energy from voltage which is between T/4 to T/2 of applied
voltage. And exact amount is being returned to the driving source
through the next one quarter of a cycle. For this reason, limits are
chosen to be T/4 to T/2 while calculating the amount of energy
delivered.
Purely Capacitive Circuit (C Branch):

•  
Since capacitance is the measure of the rate at which a capacitor will store charge on
its plate, the fundamental equation relating the voltage across a capacitor to the
current of a capacitor,
i= c
It indicates that, for a particular change in voltage across capacitor, the greater the
value of the capacitance, the greater the resulting capacitive current. Again, the
greater the rate of change of voltage, the greater is the capacitive current.
•  
Now, the equation for voltage in an inductive branch,
v=
i) So, the equation of current becomes,
i= c
i= c
= c cos
=

Plot v and i in the same curve.


•  
ii) The impedance, Z= v/I
=
=
=

iii) Power,
P= vi
=
= [ sin cos]
= [2 sin cos ]
= sin 2
= sin 2
So, the average or real power = 0.
iv) The amount energy received by the capacitor:
Self Study:

1. Derive the equation of current, impedance and power for a circuit containing a
resistor and a capacitor. Draw all the curves.

2. Practice related maths from book. (Alternating Current Circuits by Russell M


Kerchner and George F Corcoran. )

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