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Ergonomi - Display and Control

The document discusses display and control design concepts. It covers types of displays including visual, auditory, quantitative, qualitative, and situation awareness displays. Design principles for displays are presented related to compatibility, legibility, information content, coding, and formats. Spatial, movement, and operator compatibility are important for control design. The goal is to design displays and controls that are easy to learn, reduce errors, and improve user satisfaction.

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Ali Pahlevy
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278 views

Ergonomi - Display and Control

The document discusses display and control design concepts. It covers types of displays including visual, auditory, quantitative, qualitative, and situation awareness displays. Design principles for displays are presented related to compatibility, legibility, information content, coding, and formats. Spatial, movement, and operator compatibility are important for control design. The goal is to design displays and controls that are easy to learn, reduce errors, and improve user satisfaction.

Uploaded by

Ali Pahlevy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PERANCANGAN KERJA DAN

ERGONOMI
IE G2D3
Program Studi Teknik Industri
Fakultas Rekayasa Industri
Telkom University
DISPLAY DAN CONTROLS
Konsep Display
Jenis-jenis Display
Display untuk Controlling
TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
• Mahasiswa memahami konsep display
• Mahasiswa memahami berbagai jenis display
• Mahasiswa mengetahui contoh-contoh display
• Mahasiswa mampu merancang display yang ergonomis
DISPLAYS
• Purpose of Displays—convey information about a certain
entity in our environment or surrounding

• Visual Displays—display information to the sight sense


• Conspicuous (attn getting)
• Legible (easy to see and detect)
• Understandable (tell you state of the entity or required action to
take)
• Main problem: this sense is overloaded
DISPLAY DESIGN

• Displays are devices designed to communicate messages to


people/machine/tools

Classical view of the human-machine interface (Chapanis, 1965)


• In most cases, display perform a supportive role, in which they
supplement other sources of information that might be available to
the person using the particular device
TYPES OF DISPLAY
• Visual display ; are the most encountered
• Static display (ex : sign, label, book)
• Dinamic display (ex : speedometer, fuel gauges, oil pressure, temperatur indicator)
• Analogue & Digital display
• Warning or alerting display
• Predictive or historical display
• Instructional, command or advisory display
• Spatial display (diagram, figuren & chart)
• Symbolic display
• Pictorial display (images)

• Auditory display; tend to used for alerting or warning related purposes (Wide
array of sirens, horns, bells, tones, beeps or buzzers)
VISUAL DISPLAYS
• Quantitative

• Qualitative

• Check Reading

• Situation awareness
DESIGN PRINCIPALS
• Quantitative displays
• Fixed scale with a moving pointer is preferred is not digital (speedometer), more attn getting, allows
you to see a trend in performance or in the data
• Linear scale is better when presenting information that must be interpreted
• Qualitative displays
• Use color to enhance meanings
• Use shape coding to enhance meaning
• Use zone coding to enhance meaning
• Check reading and situation awareness
• Design to ensure there is a distinct difference btwn the normal/abnormal states
• Use signal lights to complement the display
• Flashing lights for hazards
• Use a continuous light in emergencies
• Use auditory signals to complement the display
• For all, the display type should be chosen based on the task
• New displays should be tested and evaluated
CONTROLS -
COMPATIBILITY
• What is compatibility? Degree to which relationships are consistent
with expectations
• In Ergonomics, typically we are concerned with the relationship
between the stimuli and response of controls
• Compatible Design
• Facilitates learning and retention
• Reduces errors
• Decreases reaction time
• Increases satisfaction
• Types of compatibility
• Spatial, movement, operator oriented principals
SPATIAL COMPATIBILITY
• Spatial Compatibility (relative placement of the control to the
display
• Physical Similarity
• Design to enforce the relationship between the physical
features of the control and the mode of operation
• Example: levers for vertical displays, rotary knobs for
rotary displays, etc.
• Proximity
• Closeness, best if the display asso with a control is
directly above the control
MOVEMENT
COMPATIBILITY
• Movement of the control device to follow the movement of the display
• Movement of a control device to control the display
• Movement of a control device that produces a specific response
• Movement of display indication without related response
• Population stereotypes
• Clockwise results in an increase
• Up is on
• Increase is to the right
• Forward is faster
PRINCIPLE OF DISPLAY
DESIGN (1)
• Sensory Modality
1. The most appropriate sensory modality of a display depends on its intended function,
sensory demands of the background of the background task, and sensory capabilities
of its intended audience
2. Display that combine sensory modalities can be particulary effective when tasks are
performed under changing condition

• Display Location & Layout


1. Locate visual displays where they can be seen and put more important visual in more
central locations
2. Display should provide their information at the time it needs to be used
3. Displays and display elements should be grouped consistently with the sequence in
which they are used by the operators
4. Tasks requiring information integration are better served by more integrated object-
like displays
PRINCIPLE OF DISPLAY
DESIGN (2)
1. Object that are placed close together will be more likely to be viewed as being related
2. Position displays or display elements so they have obvious spatial referents

Legibility of Display Element


3. The minimum size of a critical detail should be 5 minutes of visual arc for novice
observers and not less than 2 minutes of visual arc for experienced operators
4. Symbols and alphanumeric characters should subtend a visual angle of at least 12
minutes of arc
5. Display should provide an adequate contrast between visual elements and their
background
6. Avoid crowding of display elements
7. Take steps to deal with the effect of degraded legibility due to aging and adverse
environmental conditions
For rapid and accurate identification of individual
characters, 16 to 18 minutes of arc
is normally adequate, although reading speed
continues to increase until character
height exceeds 22 arc minutes (Chung et al.,
1998; Giddings, 1972; Legge et al.,
1985; Legge et al., 1987; Legge et al., 1990;
Strasburger et al., 1991).

A width-to-height ratio (“Width”/“Height” in Figure 7-4)


shall be from 0.5 to 1 to 1
to 1 and, for optimal legibility and readability, should be
from 0.6 to 1 to 0.9 to 1.
Legibility is sometimes sacrificed to some extent for
esthetics, conservation of space,
or other practical considerations (Benson, L., & Farrell,
1988; Soar, 1955).
PRINCIPLE OF DISPLAY
DESIGN (3)
• Information Content and Coding
1. Display instructions should whenever possible be stated in a positive manner
2. Be Selective
3. Let the user control the amount and detail of information presented
4. Information about the current or desired state or condition of system, item,
5. Display that mae derivative information easily available make it easier for people to predict what will happen
6. Be as realistic as possible in describing the variable you are trying to communicate
7. The direction of movement of an indicator on a display should be compatible
8. Color coding is a good tool for conveying relationship between display elements;
9. Many coding schemes other than color, including shape
10. Verbal and numerical codes tend tobe better understood and requires less learning than symbols or other coding
methods
11. The use of analogies and metaphors often can greatly improve the learnability and understandability of display
element
12. In most cases, line graph are preferred slightly over vertical bar graphs and preferred strongly over horizotal
bar graphs
13. Multiple single line on single line are prefered over multiple single line graphs in point reading
14. Varioation in pitch, amplitude, an modulation can be used to specified distinguished sounds.

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