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Bell Ringer: What Do You Think of When You Hear The Word (List at Least Three Items in Your Bell Ringer)

The document discusses various topics relating to energy, including: 1) It defines energy as the ability to do work and lists several types of energy such as mechanical, chemical, thermal, nuclear, radiant, and electric energy. 2) It explains that work is done when a force causes an object to move through a distance, and defines the equation for calculating work. 3) It discusses the relationship between work and energy, stating that work produces a change in the energy of an object. Whenever work is done, the energy of an object changes.

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MNM
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260 views

Bell Ringer: What Do You Think of When You Hear The Word (List at Least Three Items in Your Bell Ringer)

The document discusses various topics relating to energy, including: 1) It defines energy as the ability to do work and lists several types of energy such as mechanical, chemical, thermal, nuclear, radiant, and electric energy. 2) It explains that work is done when a force causes an object to move through a distance, and defines the equation for calculating work. 3) It discusses the relationship between work and energy, stating that work produces a change in the energy of an object. Whenever work is done, the energy of an object changes.

Uploaded by

MNM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bell Ringer

What do you think of


when you hear the word
energy?
(List at least three items
in your Bell Ringer)
Bell Ringer 10/25

What is another
term for the ability
to do work?
Energy
 Energy: The ability of an object to
do work
 Units: Joules (J)
 Types of energy include:
 Mechanical: Energy of movement and
position
 Chemical: Energy stored in chemical

bonds of molecules
Energy
 Thermal: “Heat energy” stored in
materials at a certain temperature
 Nuclear: Energy produced from the

splitting of atoms
 Radiant Energy: Energy traveling the

form of electromagnetic waves


 Electric Energy: Energy traveling as the

flow of charged particles (i.e.


electrons)
Work
 Work is done when a task produces
a change in energy
 Factors affecting work done:
 The application of a force
 The movement of the object by that

force over a distance


Bell Ringer

How much work is


required to lift a 2kg
object 2m high?
Work
 Therefore:
Work = Force x Distance
W = Fd
 Units: Joule (J)
 1 J = 1 N.m
 Note that work requires a distance
Bell Ringer 3/31

 What is another term for the


ability to do work?
 You push a stationary wall with
a force of 1000N. How much
work was done to the wall?
Bell Ringer
Power
 How much work is performed
over a period of time
 Therefore:
Power = Work / Time
P = W/t
 Units: Watts (W) where 1 W = 1 J/s
Thought Question

How many
horses are in
one
horsepower?
Power
 Power can also be converted to
units of horsepower (hp)
 Note: 1 hp  750 W
coffee maker 0.75 hp
blender 1.5 hp
lawn mower 5-6 hp
Corvette 400 hp
Bell Ringer

 If Superman, at 90kg, jumps a 40m


building in a single bound, how
much does Superman perform?
 If this occurs in 3s, what is his
power output?
Energy
 The amount of work done by an
object does not depend on the path
taken
 Work depends only on the object’s

starting and ending points


 As work is done on an object, the
object itself gains the opportunity to
do work
Energy
 For example:
 A bowstring drawn back on a bow
 Winding an alarm clock

 Raising the arm on a pile driver

 All of these objects now have


the ability to do work
Mechanical Energy
Mechanical Energy: Energy
of movement and position
 There are two major types of
mechanical energy:
Potential Energy: Energy of
position
Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion
Potential Energy
 Gravitational Potential Energy:
The potential due to elevated
positions
 P.E. = mass x gravity x height
 P.E. = mgh
 Recall: weight = mass x gravity
 Therefore: P.E. = weight x height
Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
 Objects in motion are capable of
doing work
KE = ½.mass.velocity2
KE = ½mv2
Kinetic Energy
 Note that the velocity of the object
is squared when determining KE
 If the velocity of the object is

doubled, the KE is quadrupled


Energy Conservation
 Energy is constantly
transforming, but never
“disappears”
 Law of Conservation of Energy:
Energy cannot be created or
destroyed, only changed from
one form to another.
Energy Conservation
 Potential and kinetic energy are
constantly transforming back and
forth
 Most of the time during this
transformation, some energy is turned
to heat and transferred out of the system
Energy Conservation
Bell Ringer

 Jill has a velocity of 5m/s. If she has a mass


of 60kg, what is her kinetic energy?
 If Bob, at 70kg, is standing on top of a 13m
high hill. What is his potential energy?
Work-Energy Theorem
 The change in gravitational
potential energy of an object is
equal to the amount of work
needed to change its height
 Therefore:
Work = PE
Fd = mgh
Work-Energy Theorem
 The KE of a moving object is
equal to the work the object is
capable of doing while being
brought to rest
 Therefore:
W = KE or Fd = ½mv2
Work-Energy Theorem
 Putting these two ideas together gives
us the general Work-Energy
Theorem:
If no change in energy occurs,
then no work is done. Therefore,
whenever work is done, there is
a change in energy.

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