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Transactional Analysis

Transactional analysis is a theory of personality and psychotherapy that views a person's personality as composed of three ego states - parent, adult, and child. It analyzes interactions as transactions between these ego states involving strokes (units of recognition). The goal of transactional analysis psychotherapy is to help people choose which ego state to be in rather than allowing one to dominate, change dysfunctional life scripts formed in childhood, and adopt an "I'm OK - You're OK" position that recognizes everyone's inherent worth. It aims to replace unhealthy patterns with cooperative behavior.

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Agniwesh Thakur
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47 views

Transactional Analysis

Transactional analysis is a theory of personality and psychotherapy that views a person's personality as composed of three ego states - parent, adult, and child. It analyzes interactions as transactions between these ego states involving strokes (units of recognition). The goal of transactional analysis psychotherapy is to help people choose which ego state to be in rather than allowing one to dominate, change dysfunctional life scripts formed in childhood, and adopt an "I'm OK - You're OK" position that recognizes everyone's inherent worth. It aims to replace unhealthy patterns with cooperative behavior.

Uploaded by

Agniwesh Thakur
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transactional Analysis ?

What is Transactional Analysis ?

• A theory of personality as well as a systematic psychotherapy

for personal growth and personal change.

• Among psychological approaches, it is outstanding in the

depth of its theory and the wide variety of its applications.

• It is finding wide application in organizations and education.


Ego States
• Eric Berne made complex interpersonal transaction understandable
when he recognized that the human personality is made up of three
"ego states"; each of which is an entire system of thought, feeling,
and behavior from which we interact with each other.

• The distinctions of Parent, Adult and Child ego states form the
foundation of Transactional Analysis theory.

• These concepts have spread into many areas of therapy, education,


and consulting as practiced today. 
Strokes and Transactions

• TA suggests that all interactions are made up of strokes


and transactions, which we aim from one ego state to
another.

• A STROKE is a single unit of recognition between two


people. Strokes can be verbal or non-verbal, positive or
negative, and of varying degrees of intensity.
A Transaction

• A TRANSACTION is an exchange of two strokes


between two people. The first stroke is called the
stimulus, the second is called the response.

• Sometimes transactions get 'crossed', or are 'ulterior',


causing misunderstandings to occur, and
communication to break down.
Games People Play

• Berne labeled socially dysfunctional behavioral patterns as


games, i.e.

• the repetitive, non-productive transactions to obtain


strokes which reinforce negative feelings and self-concepts, and

• which mask the direct expression of thoughts, wants and


needs.
Life Script

• Eric Berne proposed that dysfunctional behavior is the result

of self-limiting decisions made in childhood in the interest of

survival.

• Such decisions culminate in what Berne called the Life Script,

which is

• the unconscious life plan derived 'from early experiences that

govern the way life is lived out.


Contracts

• Transactional Analysis is based upon mutual

contracting for change.

• Transactional Analysts view people as capable of

deciding what they want for their lives.


Life Positions
I’m Not OK, I’m OK, I‘m Not
Ego States Basic Needs
You’re Not You’re not
I’m OK OK,
OK OK You’re OK You’re OK

Regulating Love, Traditional Prescriptive Normative Indifferent


Care
PARENT
Over Supportive Ingratiating
Nurturing Power Rescuing
Indulgent

Task Problem Over-


ADULT Rationality Cynical
Obsessive Solving whelming

Adaptive Approval, Sulking Complaining Resilient Dependent


Safety

CHILD Reactive Aggression Withdrawn Aggressive Confronting Intropunitive

Creative Creativity Humorous Bohemian Innovative Satirical


Typical Behaviors

PARENT ADULT CHILD

Fact Finding Laughing


Advising
Questioning Crying
Criticizing
Analyzing Sulking
Ordering
Problem Solving Being Frightened
Telling
Helping Playing
Fault Finding
Cooperating Enjoying
Moralizing
Planning Dancing
Scolding
Coordinating Curiosity
Nurturing
Scheduling Obeying
Caring Thinking
Dependent
Loving
Aim of Transactional Analysis psychotherapy

• To help a person to choose to be in a particular inner


state, instead of just allowing the current ego-state to
dominate feelings, attitudes and behavior.

• Changing the Life Script

• Replacing organizational or societal scripting with


cooperative non-violent behavior is the aim of other
applications of Transactional Analysis.
I'm OK - You're OK: "I'm OK - You're OK"

This is probably the best-known expression of the purpose

of Transactional Analysis, which is

• To establish and reinforce the position that recognizes the

value and worth of every person.

• Transactional Analysts regard people as basically "OK" and

thus capable of change, growth, and healthy interactions.

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