Week 5

Rizal’s Life and Works

Lolay’s assistant educating Rizal at the age of
three.
a. Lucia
b. Soledad
c. Saturnina
d. Neneng
 Education in calamba
• Rizal under the supervision of Lolay had learned the alphabet and prayers at
the age of three.
• Saturnina and three maternal uncles also mentored him
1. Jose Alberto taught him painting, sketching, and sculpture.
2. Uncle Gregorio influenced him to further love reading.
3. Uncle Manuel developed Rizal’s physical skills in martial arts like wrestling.
• Private tutors are also hired to teach Rizal:
1. Maestro Celestino
2. Maestro Lucas
3. Maestro Leon Monroy
 Education in Binan
• Rizal was subsequently sent to a private school in Binan.
• In June 1869, his brother Paciano brought him to the school of Maestro
Justiniano Aquino Cruz.
• The school was in the teacher’s house, a small nipa house near the home of
Jose’s aunt where he stayed.
• During Rizal’s first day in Binan school, the teacher asked him:
“Do you know Spanish?”
“A little, sir,” replied Rizal.
“Do you know Latin?”
“A little, sir.”
• Because of this, his classmates, especially the
teacher’s son Pedro, laughed at him – so later in that
day, Jose challenged the bully Pedro to a fight.
• After the class, however, he had an arm-wrestling with
his classmate Andres Salandanan
• In the following days, it was said that Jose would have
brawls with Binan boys.
 Education in Manila
• There’s a claim that from Binan school, Rizal studied in Colegio de San
Juan de Letran.
• But in standard biographies agree that Rizal just took the entrance
examination in Letran but Don Francisco sent him to enroll instead in
Ateneeo Municipal in June 1872.
• Ateneo is run by Jesuit Congregation (Society of Jesus) – upholding
religious instruction, advanced education, rigid discipline, physical
culture, and cultivation of arts.
• Escula Pia (Charity School) was established in Manila by the city
government in 1817.
• Paciano found Jose a boarding house in
Intramuros but later transferred in Calle
Carballo in Santa Cruz area
• He became acquainted with various
mestizos that were said to be begotten by
friars.
• The classes in Ateneo were divided into two
groups (Roman Empire and Carthaginian
Empire.
• Members of the empire is also classisfied –
Emperor, Tribune, Decurion, Centurion, and
Standard-bearer.
• In Jose’s second year, he transferred residence to No. 6 Calle
Magallanes.
• The following year, his parents placed him as intern in
Ateneo and stayed until graduation – at the end of the school
year he earned five medals.
• March 23, 1877, he received Bachelor of Arts degree and
declared as ‘Sobresaliente’
The name of the landlady of Rizal in Calle
Caraballo.
a. Tandang Pipay
b. Tandang Pepay
c. Tandang Titay
d. Tandang Doray
 JOSE’S PRIEST-PROFESSORS IN
ATENEO
• Jose Bech - a man with mood swings and somewhat a lunatic and of an uneven humor
• Francisco de Paula Sanchez – an upright, earnest, and caring teacher (Rizal’s best
professor)
• Jose Vilaclara
• Mineves
• Don Augustin Saez – thoughtfully guided him in drawing and painting
• Romualdo de Jesus – instructed Jose in sculpture

In Ateneo, Rizal cultivated his talent in poetry, applied himself regularly

to gymnastics, and devoted time to painting and sculpture.
• 1877 Rizal enrolled in the University of Santo Tomas taking Philosophy
and Letters – at the same time he took the land surveyor and assessor’s
degree in Ateneo.
• He also finished the training on being assessor and passed the licensing
exam May 1878 – but his license was granted to him only 1881.
• After a year, Jose changed course and enrolled in medicine
• 1882 he stopped attending classes at UST.
 Education in EUROPE
• May 3, 1882 he left for Spain and enrolled
in Medicine and Philosophy and Letters at
the Universidad Central de Madrid on
November 3.
• November 1884, Rizal was involved in the
chaotic student demonstrations by the
Central University students – the protest
rallies started after Dr. Miguel Morayta
had been excommunicated by bishops for
1. delivering a liberal speech
2. proclaiming the freedom of science and
the teacher.
• In June 1884, Rizal received the degree of Licentiate in Medicine at
the age of 23.
• The next school year (1884-1885) he took and completed the three
additional subject leading to Doctor of Medicine degree.
• On his 24th birthday, the Madrid university awarded him the degree of
Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters (Sobresaliente)
• Rizal went to Paris and was said to have attended medical lecture
from University of Paris.
• November 1885 – February 1886, he worked as an assistant to a
French Opthalmologist, Dr. Louis de Weckert.
• February 3, 1886, Rizal arrived in Heidelberg, Germany – he attended
the lecture of Dr. Otto Becker and Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne at the
University of Heidelberg.
• He also worked at the University Eye Hospital under the guidance of
German Ophtalmologist, Dr. Becker – he also learned how to use the
newly invented ‘Opthalmoscope’
• In Heidelberg, the 25 year old Rizal completed his eye specialization.
• Rizal spent three months in the Wilhemsfeld (Noli Me Tangere)
• He stayed at the pastoral house of a kind Protestant pastor, Dr. Karl
Ulmer, the whole family of whom became Rizal’s good friends.
• August 1886, he attended lectures on History and Psychology at the
University of Leipzig.
• November 1886, he reached Berlin where he worked as an assistant
in Dr. Schweigger’s clinic and attended lectures in the University of
Berlin.
• In Berlin, he was inducted as a member of the Berlin’s Ethnological
Society, Anthropological Society, and Geographical Society.
• April 1887, he was invited to deliver an address in German before the
‘Ethnographic Society’ of Berlin on the orthography and structure of
the Tagalog language.
• In Germany, Rizal met and befriended the famous academician and
scholars at the time
Friedrich Ratzel – German Historian
Dr. Hanz Meyer
Dr. Feodor Jagor
Dr. Rudolf Virchow and Dr. Hans Virchow
Rizal’s Early Travels and Undertakings
©EsquireMag
Rizal’s lover at his second year in UST

a. Segunda Katigbak
b. Leonor Rivera
c. O-Sei-San
d. Josephine Bracken
 In Binan and manila
• A year after, Jose’s brother Paciano brought him to the nearby town
Binan to attend school – except for occasional homecomings, he
stayed in the town for a year and a half of schooling.
• June 1872, Don Francisco sent him to Manila to enroll in Ateneo.
• 1877 to 1882 he enrolled in UST – he also boarded in the house of a
certain Concha Leyva in Intramuros, and later in “Casa Tomasina” at
Calle 6 Santo Tomas, Intramuros where his landlord is his uncle
Antonio Rivera, father of Jose’s sweetheart, Leonor.
 In europe
• 1882 Jose, stopped attending UST.
• May 3, 1882, he left for Spain to complete his studies and widen his political
knowledge
• It said that his departure in Spain is ‘secret’
• On his way to Madrid, Rizal had many stopovers.
1. He visited Singapore
2. On the steamship ‘Djemnah,’ he passed through Punta de Gales, Colombo, and
Aden
3. En route to Marseilles, he went across Suez Canal and visited the Italian city,
Naples.
4. He went to Barcelona in an express train.
• Rizal left Barcelona for Madrid and enrolled in Medicine and
Philosophy and Letters at the Universidad Central de Madrid on
November 3, 1882
• February 13, 1883, he informed Paciano of his meeting with Filipinos:

“The Tuesday of the Carnival we had a Filipino luncheon and dinner in

the house of the Paternos, each one contributing one ‘duro.’ We ate
with our hands, boiled rice, chicken adobo, fried fish and roast pig.”
(Letters between Rizal and Family, n.d.)
• A year after that sumptuous feasting, Rizal became penniless
• One day in June 1884, Rizal who failed to eat breakfast still
went to school and even won a gold medal in a contest.
• Later that day, he attended the dinner party held In honor of
two award-winning Filipino painters, Juan Luna and Felix
Resurrecion Hidalgo where he delivered a liberal speech.
• 1885, Rizal who had finished hos two courses in Madrid went to Paris,
France
• November 1885 to February 1886, he worked as an assistant to the
celebrated ophthalmologist, Dr. Louis de Weckert
• February 3, 1886, he left Paris for Heidelberg, Germany – he attended
lectures and training at the University of Heidelberg
• Afterward, Rizal settled for 3 months in the nearby village,
Wilhemsfeld.
• It was during this time that the
correspondence and long-distance
friendship between Jose and Ferdinand
Bluementritt began.
• Rizal wrote a letter to the German and sent
it with a bilingual book ‘Aritmiteca’ to
Bluementritt.
• Jose travelled next to Leipzig and attended
some lectures at its university.
• In Dresden, he met and befriended Dr.
Adolph B. Meyer, the director of the
Anthropological And Ethnological Museum,
and a Filipinologist, Meyer showed Rizal
some interesting things taken from tombs
in Philippines.
• In November 1886, he went to Berlin and further enhanced
his skills and knowledge in Ophthalmology.
• Rizal also became part of various scientific communities and
befriended many famed intellectuals at the time.
• February 21, 1887 he finished his first novel, the ‘Noli’ and it
came off the press a month later.
 GRAND EUROPE TOUR
• Maximo Viola loaned Jose some amount to cover for the printing of
the ‘Noli’
• Through Paciano’s remittance, Jose had paid Viola and decided to
further explore some places in Europe - They went first to see
Potsdam, Berlin
• May 11, 1887 they left Berlin for Dresden and witnessed the regional
floral exposition there.
• Wanting to see Bluementritt, they went to Leitmertiz, Bohemia – the
professor acted as their tour guide
• May 16, the two Filipinos left Leitmeritz for Prague where they saw
the tomb of the famous astronomer Conpernicus.
• They stopped at Brunn on their way to Vienna – they met the famed
Austrian novelist Norfenfals in Vienna, and Rizal was interviewed by
Mr. Alder, a correspondent of the newspaper ‘Extra Blatt’ (Rizal in
Vienna, n.d.)
• They left Vienna to see the Danube river in Lintz, then they had a
short stay in Salzburg reaching Munich.
• In Nurimberg, they saw the infamous torture machines used in the so-
called Catholic Inquisition.
• They also went to Stuttgart, Baden, and Rheinfall.
• In Switzerland, they toured Schaffhausen, Baselm Bern, and Lausanne and
Geneva.
• Rizal’s 15-day stay in Geneva was generally enjoyable except when he learned
about the exhibition of some Igorots in Madrid.
• June 19, 1887, treated Viola for it was his 26th birthday – four days after, they
parted – Viola went back to Barcelona while Rizal proceed to Italy.
• In Italy, he went to see Turin, Milan, Venice, and Florence.
• In Rome, he paid to visit some historical sites like the Amphitheatre and the
Roman Forum
• June 29, he had seen the famous edifices, like the St. Peter’s church in Vatican
city.
 FIRST HOMECOMING
• From a French port, Marseilles, he boarded on July 3, 1887 the steamer
‘Djemnah’ – it sailed to the East though the Suez Canal and reached
Saigon on the 30th of the month.
• Rizal took the streamer ‘Haiphong’ and reached Manila near midnight of
August 5.
• August 8, after meeting some friends in Manila, he returned to Calamba.
– restoring his mother’s eyes, he is dubbed as “Doctor Uliman”
• Because of enemies allegation that his ‘Noli’ contained subversive ideas,
Rizal was summoned by the Governor-general Emilio Terrero.
• Don Jose Taviel de Andrade is assigned to Rizal as his bodyguard.
• December 1887, the Calamba folks asked Rizal’s assistance in
collection information as regards Dominican hacienda management.
• Enraged by Rizal’s reports the friars pressured the governor general to
‘advise’ the author of Noli to leave the country.
Second travel abroad
 In Hongkong and Japan
• February 3, 1888, Rizal sailed to Hongkong onboard ‘Zafiro’ and
stayed inside the ship during its short stop at Amoy – he stayed at
Victoria Hotel and visited nearby city Macao for two days with a
friend, Jose Maria Basa.
• February 28, He reached Yokohama and proceed to Tokyo the next
day – he lived in the Spanish legation in Tokyo upon the invitation of
its secretary, Juan Perez Caballero/
• March 1888, he hear a Tokyo band playing a European music and
astonished to find out that some of its members are Filipinos (G.
Zaide & Zaide, 1984 p. 130)
The real name of O-Sei-San

a. Yuki Atsumi
b. Seiko Usui
c. Hana Lee
d. Sara Otosan
JOSE MARIA BASA
The Rizal is truly entertained
during that time as he was
amused by the Japanese
girl, the 23 year-old Seiko
Usui he fondly called “O-Sei-
San” became his tour guide
and sweetheart.
 Sail to the West
• April 13, 1888, he boarded the ‘Belgic’ and leaving O-Sei-San – he had
befriended Tetcho Suehiro, a Japanese novelist and human right fighter/
• April 28, the ship arrived in San Francisco.

The passengers are allegedly quarantined because of the cholera

outbreak far in the East.

• Some politicians were questioning the arrival of Chinese coolies in the

ship who would displace white laborers in railroad construction projects.
• May 6, Rizal went to Oakland –
on board a train, he took his
evening meal in Sacramento
and woke up at Reno, Nevada.
• He had visited also Utah,
Colorado, Nebraska, Illinois,
and finally New York on May
13.
• On Bedloe Island, he had seen
the Statue of Liberty.
 In Great Britain
• Onboard the ship ‘City of Rome,’ Rizal sailed for Liverpool on May 16, 1888 and arrived May
24.
• After a day, he reached London and stayed briefly at Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor’s house – he
then boarded at the Beckett residence where he was lovingly served by Gertrude, the
daughter of his landlord.
• June 1888, Rizal made friend with Dr. Reinhold Rost and his family – he described Jose as a “A
pearl of man” (una perla de hombre)
• In London, Rizal manually copied and annotated Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, a rare
book in the British museum.
• Jose also became the honorary president of the patriotic society “Asociacion La Solidaridad
(Solidaridad Association) and wrote articles for La Solidaridad.
• In hid 10 months, he had short visits in Paris, Madrid, and Barcelona – he Marcelo H. Del Pilar
in Spain.
A girl from London, often called ‘Getie’ by
Rizal
a. Hetty
b. Gertrude
c. Josephine
d. Nellie
GERTRUDE BECKETT
REINHOLD ROST
 In France
• March 1889 he went to Paris – he shortly lived in the house of a friend, Valentin
Ventura before transferring to a little room where he had as roommates two
Filipinos, one of which is Jose Albert.
• In paris, he frequented the Bibliotheque Nationale working on his annotation of the
sucesos – he spent his spare hours in the houses of friends like Juan Luna and his
wife Paz Pardo de Tavera.
• Rizal formed the “Kidlat Club,” a temporary social club which brought together
Filipinos witnessing the exposition.
• He also organized the “Indios Bravos” an association which envisioned Filipinos
being recognized for the admirable skills in many fields.
• He also formed the mysterious “Redencion de los Malayos” which aimed to
propagate useful knowledge.
VALENTIN VENTURA
 In Belgium
• After celebrating Yuletide season in Paris in 1889, Rizal shortly visited
London for the last time – with Jose Alberto, Rizal left Paris for
Brussels on January 28, 1890.
• Alberto and Rizal stayed in a boarding house administered by the
Jacoby sisters (Suzanne and Marie) where Rizal met and had a
transitory affair with Petite.
• In Belgium, Rizal busied himself writing ‘El Fili’ and contributing for La
Solidaridad using the pen names “Dimas Alang” and “Laong Laan”
Rizal heard the news that the Calamba Agrarian trouble
was getting worse and he decided to go home – but
Paciano told him in a letter that they lost the court case
and they intended to bring the case in Madrid.
She is the son of a rich British trader, their
family owned a winter residence, villa eliada
a. Gertrude Beckett
b. Josephine Bracken
c. Nellie Bousted
d. Petite Suzanne
 In Madrid
• August 1980, Rizal traveled to Madrid along with Marcelo H. Del Pilar.
• Rizal encountered many adversities and tribulations in Madrid.
• One day, Rizal challenged his friend Antonio Luna to a duel when he
(Luna) being unsuccessful in seeking Nellie Boustead’s love, gave
negative comments on the lady – Rizal also dared to duel Wenceslao
Retana of the anti-Filipino newspaper ‘La Epoca’
• In Madrid, he also heard the news of Leonor Rivera’s marriage with the
Englishman Henry Kipping.
• There also emerged the Del Pilar-Rizal rivalry for leadership in the
‘Asociacion Hispano Filipino.’ (Rizalistas vs. Pilaristas)
NELLIE BOUSTED
 In Biarritz, Paris, and Brussels
• Rizal proceeded to take a more than a month vacation in Biarritz, a tourist town
in southwestern France.
• February 1891 Rizal’s arrival, he was welcomed as a family guest in the house of
the Bousteds.
• In Biarritz he continued to work on his ‘El Fili’ and completed the manuscript on
March 29, the eve of his departure for Paris.
• Valentin Ventura hosted his short stay in Paris, and the Jacobies, especially Petite
Suzanne cordially welcomed his arrival in Brussels in April 1891.
• In Brussels, Rizal revised and prepared for printing his second novel until the end
of May.
• June 1891 he was already looking for a printing firm to print the ‘El Fili.’
Petite Suzanne
 In Ghent
• July 1891 he went to Ghent because of the cost of printing in the
place was cheaper.
• He lived in a low-cost boarding house where he had a roommate Jose
Alejandro, an engineering student in the University of Ghent.
• The publisher F. Meyer-Van Loo Press, No. 66 Viaanderen Street
agreed to print ‘El Fili’ on installment basis.
• August 6, the printing was suspended but Valentin Ventura ‘salvific’
act, the El Fili came off the press in September 18, 1891.
 In Hong Kong and Sandakan
• October 1981, Rizal left Europe for Hong Kong on board the ship ‘Melbourne’ on which he
began writing his third (unfinished) novel.
• November 20, he arrived in Hong Kong and resided at No. 5D’ Aguilar Street, No. 2 Rednaxela
Terrace.
• November 20, Don Francisco, Paciano, and Silvestre Ubaldo arrived in Hong Kong – shortly
after, Donya Teodora, Lucia, Josefa, and Trinidad also arrived
• IN Hong Kong, Jose opened a medical Clinic – Dr. Lorenzo P. Marques helped him to get a
plentiful of patron.
• March 1882, he went to Sandakan (East Malaysia) aboard ‘Menon’ to negotiate with British
authorities the founding of a Filipino colony in North Borneo (Sabah)
• March 21, Rizal asked Governor General Eulogio Despujol through a letter to allow the landless
Filipinos to establish themselves in North Borneo
• He came back in Hong Kong in April 1982.
Dr. Lorenzo Marques
EULOGIO DESPUJOL
 Second HOmecoming
• Wanting to confer with Despujol concerning his North Borneo project,
Rozal left Hongkong on June 21, 1892 along with Lucia.
• The Spanish consul in Hong Kong sent a cablegram to Despujol stating
figuratively that “the rat is in the trap” (The Tale of Jose Rizal, 2013
para. 13) – A secret case against Rizal was this filed in Manila for anti-
religious and anti-patriotic public campaign.
• June 26, 1892 at 12:00 noon they arrived in Manila – at 7:00 pm he
was able to confer in Malacanan with Despujol who agreed to pardon
his father and told him to return on June 29.
• June 27, he took a train and visited his friend in Central Luzon.
• He had a stopover at the Bautista mansion in Malolos,
Bulacan and spent the night in the house of Evaristo Puno in
Tarlac, Tarlac about 30 kilometers away from residence of
Leonor Rivera-Kipping in Camiling.
• He also went to San Fernando and Bacolor, Pampanga, and
returned in Manila in June 28 at 5:00 pm
• June 29, 30, and July 3 he had other interviews with Despujol
1. Rizal’s project was rejected but
2. His sisters exile were lifted.
• July 3, Rizal spearheaded the meeting in the house of Doroteo
Ongjunco on Ylaya Street, Tondo Manila attended by at least 20
Filipinos, including Bonifacio and Mabini – he explained the aims of
‘La Liga Filipina.’ Officers were then elected having Ambrosio Salvador
as the president.
• Three days after the meeting, Rizal was arrested during his interview
with Despujol showing him with anti-friar leaflets ‘Pobres Frailes’
allegedly discovered in Lucia’s pillow case.
• July 14, Rizal was brought to steamer ‘Cebu’ after his imprisonment in
Fort Santiago.
• July 17, the vessel docked at Dapitan in Zamboanga Del Norte
AMBROSIO SALVADOR
 The ship captain Delgras
handed him over to the
local Spanish commandant,
Ricardo Carnicero