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CE 201 Lecture 1 - Chapters (1+ 2) (2.1)

CE 201 Statics covers fundamental concepts of engineering mechanics including: 1. Basic quantities like length, time, mass and force that are foundational to statics. 2. Newton's laws of motion that describe how forces affect motion. 3. The distinction between scalar and vector quantities and how vectors are represented. 4. Problem solving strategies like interpreting the problem, planning steps, and carrying out calculations carefully. 5. Concepts like particles, rigid bodies, and units of measurement that are essential for analyzing static equilibrium problems.

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60 views

CE 201 Lecture 1 - Chapters (1+ 2) (2.1)

CE 201 Statics covers fundamental concepts of engineering mechanics including: 1. Basic quantities like length, time, mass and force that are foundational to statics. 2. Newton's laws of motion that describe how forces affect motion. 3. The distinction between scalar and vector quantities and how vectors are represented. 4. Problem solving strategies like interpreting the problem, planning steps, and carrying out calculations carefully. 5. Concepts like particles, rigid bodies, and units of measurement that are essential for analyzing static equilibrium problems.

Uploaded by

Aseily Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE 201 STATICS

Textbook: Engineering Mechanics/Statics - R.C. Hibbeler


-14th Edition (SI Units)
Instructor : Dr. Mohammed Hussain Essa
Email : [email protected]
Office : 03 – 206-1210
Phone : 013-860-4980
WhatsApp : +966507126861
General Principles
Objectives:
• Defining engineering mechanics
• Introduction to the basic quantities
• Newton’s Laws of Motion
• Newton’s Law of Gravitational Attraction
• Units
• Define scalars and vectors
• Vector Addition of Forces
Mechanics

Engineering mechanics deals with the


state of rest or motion of bodies that are
subjected to the action of forces.
Mechanics

Deformable Rigid Bodies Fluids


Bodies

Statics Dynamics
)At Rest( )In Motion(
CE 201 ME 201
Rigid-body mechanics
• Forms a suitable basis for the design and analysis of many
types of structural, mechanical, or electrical devices

• Divided into two areas: statics and dynamics


 
Statics deals with the equilibrium of bodies, either at rest or
in motion at a constant velocity

Dynamics deals with the accelerated or motion of bodies


Consequences of not applying
properly statics?
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

Basic Quantities
Length .1
- locate the position of a point in space
describe the size of a physical system -
Time .2
- succession of events
Mass .3
- measure of a quantity of matter
Force .4
- a “push” or “pull” exerted by one body on another
Newton’s 2nd Law .5
F=m×a
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS (cont)

Idealizations
Particle .1
- has a mass, but size can be neglected

Rigid Body .2
- a combination of a large number of particles

Concentrated Force .3
- the effect of a loading assumed to act at a point
on a body
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS (cont)
Newton’s Three Laws of Motion

First Law 
A particle originally at rest, or“
moving in a straight line with
constant velocity, will remain
in this state provided that
the particle is not subjected
”to an unbalanced force
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS (cont)

Second Law •
A particle acted upon by an unbalanced force F“
experiences an acceleration a that has the
same direction as the force and a magnitude
that is directly proportional to the force”. If ( F )
is applied to a particle of mass (m), this law
:may be expressed mathematically as

F  ma
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS (cont)

Third Law •
The mutual forces of action and reaction“
between two particles are equal and,
”opposite and collinear
Units of Measurements
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS (cont)

,At the standard location •


g = 9.806 65 m/s2
For calculations, we use •
g = 9.81 m/s2
,Thus •
(g = 9.81W 2mg
m/s )W = mg
Hence, a body of mass 1 kg has a weight of •
9.81 N, a 2 kg body weighs 19.62 N
For example, 4 000 000 N = 4 000 kN (kilo-newton) =
4 MN (mega-newton),
or 0.005 m = 5 mm (milli-meter).
THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS

• No Plurals (e.g., m = 5 kg not kgs )


• Separate Units with a • (e.g., meter second = m • s )

• Most symbols are in lowercase.


• Some exceptions are N, Pa, M and G.
• Exponential powers apply to units, e.g., cm • cm = cm2
• Compound prefixes should not be used.
• Other rules are given in your textbook.
NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS

Must have dimensional “homogeneity.” Dimensions •


have to be the same on both sides of the equal sign,
(e.g. distance = speed  time.)

• Use an appropriate number of significant figures (3 for


answer, at least 4 for intermediate calculations). Why?

• Be consistent when rounding off.


- greater than 5, round up (3528  3530)
- smaller than 5, round down (0.03521  0.0352)
- equal to 5, see your textbook.
.Special case for rounding off any number that ends with 5

• As a general rule, if the digit preceding the 5 is an even number,


• then this digit is not rounded up.

• If the digit preceding the 5 is an odd number, then it is rounded


up.
• For example, 75.25 rounded off to three significant digits becomes
75.2,
• 0.1275 becomes 0.128,

• 0.2555 becomes 0.256.


PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY

1. Interpret: Read carefully and determine what is given.


Ask, if not clear. If necessary, make assumptions and
indicate them.

2. Plan: Think about major steps (or a road map) that you will
take to solve a given problem. Think of
alternative/creative solutions and choose the best one.

3. Execute: Carry out your steps. Use appropriate diagrams and


equations.. Avoid simple calculation mistakes..
SCALARS AND VECTORS
Scalar Quantities

• A scalar is a quantity that has only magnitude, either


positive or negative.

• For example, mass, temperature, and length.

• Scalars are indicated by letters in italic type, such as the


scalar ‘A’.
SCALARS AND VECTORS
Vector Quantities
• A vector is a quantity that has both a magnitude and a
direction.
• For example, position, force, and moment are the vector
quantities frequently encountered in statics.
• Vectors are indicated by bold letters, such as the vector
‘A’ or A
• The magnitude of a vector is always a positive quantity
and is symbolized in italic type, written as A
Graphical Representation of a Vector

• Vector is represented by ARROW


• Magnitude is represented by the length of the arrow
• Direction is defined by the angle between a reference
axis and the arrow’s line of action.
ATTENTION QUIZ

1. For a static’s problem your calculations show the final answer as


12345.6 N. What will you write as your final answer?
A) 12345.6 N B) 12.3456 kN C) 12 kN
D) 12.3 kN E) 123 kN

2. In three step IPE approach to problem solving, what does P


stand for?
A) Position B) PlanC) Problem
D) Practical E) Possible
Summary

PARTICLES & RIGID BODIES: BASIC QUANTITIES:

PARTICLES : DIMENSIONLESS 1 - LENGTH : l, (cm, mm, m, in.)


RIGID BODIES : HAVE DIMENSIONS 2 - MASS : m, (kg, lb.)
3 - FORCE : f, (N, kN, lbf.)

SCALERS & VECTORS: VECTOR DEFINITION:

SCALER : MAGNITUDE ONLY (e.g. length) 1 - MAGNITUDE


VECTOR : MAGNITUDE & DIRECTION 2 - DIRECTION
(e.g. Force, velocity). 3 - POINT OF APPLICATION

* A FORCE IS FULLY REPRESENTED BY A VECTOR.


* A VECTOR IS FULLY REPRESENTED BY AN ARROW.
Parallelograms :Properties
Trigonometry Ratio
END OF LECTURE

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