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SHS.306 Lec 1

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14 views

SHS.306 Lec 1

Uploaded by

Amna Sami
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIOMECHANICS & ERGONOMICS-Ii

SHS.306.Lec-01

SABA RIAZ

S E M EST E R : FA L L 2 0 2 0
REFERENCE TEXT:
BASIC BIOMECHANICS – SUSAN J. HALL
Recommended Text Books
1.Basic Biomechanics by Susan J.Hall. (7th
Edition)

2. Basic Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal


system. By Margereta Nordin and Victor
H.Frankel (4th Edition)
Why Do we need Biomechanics?
Today’s topic

Biomechanics of Upper extremity

Shoulder Joint
Structure of shoulder
• Most complex joint in human
body
• Include 5 different
articulations
1) Glenohumeral joint
2) Strenoclavicular joint
3) Acromioclavicular joint
4) Coracoclavicular joint
5) Scapulothoracic joint
1.Sternoclavicular joint
• Saddle joint type
• Fibro cartilaginous disc improve the fit
• Synovial diarthrodial joint
• Major axis of rotation for the movement of clavicle and scapula
• Rotation occur during shrugging of shoulders,
Elevation of arms above head

Close pack position : max. shoulder elevation


Open pack position: Arm resting by side in normal physiological
position
2.Acromioclavicular joint
2. Acromioclavicular joint

 Irregular joint
 Allow limited motion in all three plane
 Rotation occur at AC joint during arm
elevation

Close pack position : arm abducted


at 90 degrees
Open pack position: Arm resting by side in
normal physiological position
3. Coracoclavicular joint
• This joint is a syndyesmosis ( joint surface is
bound by ligament)
• Coracoid process of scapula and inferior surface
of clavicle bound together by coraco-clavicular
ligament. This joint permits little movement.
4. Scapulothoracic joint
Region between anterior scapula and thoracic wall
is referred to scapulothoracic joint, as scapula can
move in both saggital and frontal plane.
Functions of muscles attaching to scapula
1) Either stabilize shoulder region e.g. lifting
suitcase
2) Or facilitate movement of upper extremity
through appropriate positioning of
glenohumeral joint e.g. Rhomboids during
overhead throw
5. Glenohumeral joint
• Ball and socket joint
• Most freely moving joint in human body
• Hemispherical head of humerus 3 to 4 times surface area as the
shallow glenoid cavity
• Glenoid fossa is also less curved as compare to head of
humerus,
• G. Fossa are of different
• shapes.....oval/peer
• Open pack position:
55 degrees Abduction,
30 degrees horizontal adduction
Glenohumeral joint
All planes movement
To increase stability:
There is labrum at the periphery of the
Glenoid Fossa.
Many ligaments merge with joint capsule.
4 Rotator cuff (RC) muscles merge with it
RC are anterior, post and superior to joint.
RC and biceps provides stability to joint prior to
the movement.
Movement in glenohumeral joint
• Flexion
• Extension
• Abduction
• Adduction
• Horizontal
adduction, abduction
• Medial rotation
and lateral rotation
• circumduction
CHARACTERISTICS OF
GLENOHUMERAL JOINT
Factors providing stability to glenohumeral
joint

1. Glenoid labrum
2. Ligaments
3. Rotator cuff
4. Negative pressure within joint capsule
5. Closed pack position
1. Glenoid labrum

• The Glenoid fossa is encircled by the glenoid


labrum
• It is a fibro cartilaginous rim attached around the
margin of the glenoid cavity in the shoulder blade.
The shoulder joint is considered a ball and socket
joint.
• It deepens the fossa and adds stability
• On cross section the labrum is triangular.
•  It is the primary attachment for the
glenohumeral ligaments and gives rise to the
long head of biceps superiorly.

•  The glenoid labrum is approximately 9mm


thick, thus serves to deepen the glenoid
socket.  It conforms perfectly to the curvature
of the humeral head and increases glenoid
depth by 50%.
2. Ligaments
Glenohumeral ligaments
– Superior-Restraint lateral rotation below 45
– Middle-limits lateral rotation 45-90ᵒ
– Inferior- has two parts
• Anterior ….above 90 limits lateral rotation
• Posterior….above 90 limits medial rotation
– Coracohumeral ligament
– Capsular ligament
3. Rotator cuff muscles and Jt. stability
• The four muscles that make up the rotator
cuff are:
–supraspinatus
–infraspinatus
–subscapularis,
–teres minor
Referred to as SITS
• Rotator cuff surround the shoulder from
posterior, superior and anterior side
• Contraction of theses muscles pulls the
head of humerus toward glenoid fossa
contributing to joint stability.
4. Closed pack position

Maximum abduction and lateral rotation.


 Shoulder joint
 Most complex
 Shoulder region has 5
articulations
 GH,AC,SC,ST,CC

 SHOULDER GIRDLE:
 Sternoclavicular and
acromioclavicular
Bursae
• Fibrous sacs.
• Sacs inner walls secrete fluid.
• Cushion and reduce friction between layers of collagenous
tissue
• Important bursae around shoulder are:
– Subscapularis bursae
– Subcoracoid bursae
– Subacromial bursae
Bursa:
Subcoracoid and subscapular bursa: prevents
friction between subscapularis muscle and neck of
scapula,head of humerus ,carocoid process.
Subacromial bursa: lies.
Prevent friction b/w humeral head,RC and above
acromian process.
SCAPULAR MUSCLES
Scapular muscles function.
1.Contract and stabilize the shoulder joint. e.g.
suitcase lifting.
2. Facilitate the movement of GH and UE .e.g.
throwing of a ball.
Major Flexors of shoulder
Major extensors of Shoulder
MAJOR ABDUCTORS OF SHOULDER
MAJOR ADDUCTORS OF SHOULDER
MAJOR HORIZONTAL ADDUCTORS
MAJOR HORIZONTAL ABDUCTORS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uNXMRZSPRsQ

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