Scribd
Upload
91 views

Statistical Analysis

This document provides an introduction to basic statistical concepts. It defines statistics as the methodology used to collect, organize, analyze and interpret data. Descriptive statistics are used to summarize and describe data through calculations, graphs and tables, while inferential statistics make inferences about populations based on samples. Key terms are introduced, such as population, sample, parameter, statistic, variable and data. Different types of variables, scales of measurement, and statistical analyses are also discussed. Exercises are provided to classify variables and identify whether descriptive or inferential statistics were used in examples. The document aims to teach readers the basic language and concepts used in statistics.

Uploaded by

Deo Corona
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
91 views

Statistical Analysis

This document provides an introduction to basic statistical concepts. It defines statistics as the methodology used to collect, organize, analyze and interpret data. Descriptive statistics are used to summarize and describe data through calculations, graphs and tables, while inferential statistics make inferences about populations based on samples. Key terms are introduced, such as population, sample, parameter, statistic, variable and data. Different types of variables, scales of measurement, and statistical analyses are also discussed. Exercises are provided to classify variables and identify whether descriptive or inferential statistics were used in examples. The document aims to teach readers the basic language and concepts used in statistics.

Uploaded by

Deo Corona
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

MODULE

1 ◦ Management Science
MODULE G ALS FLEX Course Material

Introduction to Statistical
Analysis

College of Business and Accountancy


LESSON
#1
LEARNING

Basic Concepts
OUTC MES

Learn the language and basic


concepts of statistics. of Statistics
What does the word statistics comes to your mind?
◦ Most people immediately think of numerical facts or data.
◦ Example:
◦ Monthly income of families.
◦ Families daily budget during the ECQ period.
◦ Electricity consumption during the ECQ period.
◦ Prices of basic commodities and poultry products
◦ Daily incomes of small industries.
◦ Number of people working in the company that belongs to the same industry..
◦ Number of jobless people during the pandemic period.
◦ Daily allowances of students enrolled in the College of Business and Accountancy.
◦ Weekly savings of students from their allowances.
What is statistics?
Statistics is a body of methodology for collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and
interpreting a set of data
Types of statistics
Descriptive statistics uses the data to provide descriptions of the population, either through
numerical calculations, graphs or tables.
Descriptive statistics are used to describe the important features of the data in a study.
They provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures.

Example 3:
A store manager in a fast food chain tracks the waiting time for customers during the
lunch hour for a week and summarizes the data.
2. Inferential statistics makes inferences and predictions about a population based on
a sample of data taken from the population in question.
Example 1:
A production manager wants to measure the diameter of each energy drink bottle
manufactured by a company. Is it possible to do so or not? Why?
Example 2:
To measure the diameter of each nail that is manufacture in a milling company is
impractical. You can measure the diameters of a representative random sample to
make generalization about the diameters of all the nails being manufactured.

Note: Inferential statistics are valuable when examination of each member of an entire
population is not convenient or possible.
◦ Difference between descriptive and inferential Statistics
Terminologies
1. Population is a complete collection of all elements ( scores, people, measurements
and etc) to be studied. The collection is complete in the sense that it
includes all characteristics to be studied.
2. Sample is a set of individuals or objects collected or selected from a statistical
population by a defined procedure.
3. Simple Random Sample
is a subset of a statistical population in which each member of the subset carries an
equal opportunity of being chosen as a part of the sampling process
How can we administer a simple random sampling in any statistical study?
4. Variable
is an attribute that describes a person, place, thing, or idea. The value of the
variable can "vary" from one entity to another.
Types of variables
a. Qualitative variable - non numerically valued variable .
b. Quantitative variable - numerically valued variable
5. Parameters
are measurable characteristics or numbers that summarize data for an entire population. (example;
population mean or population standard deviation)
6. Statistics
are measurable characteristics or numbers that summarize data from a sample. ( example; sample
Mean, or sample standard deviation).
◦ Difference between (Parameter VS Statistics) and (Population VS Sample )
◦ Types of quantitative variable
a. Discrete variable - is a variable whose value is obtained by counting .
Example: number of students in a class, number of books in students’ bag, number of
students enrolled in statistical analysis.

b. Continuous variable - is a variable whose value is obtained by measuring.


Example: Heights of students in a class, Weight of students in a class,
Time it takes to go to school for students, distance travelled between
classes by students.
5. Data
- are individual pieces of factual information recorded and used for the purpose of
analysis.
◦ Types of quantitative data
1. Discrete data
is quantitative data based on actual counting.
Example:
change in pocket, number of books in backpack. number of students enrolled in statistical
analysis.
2. Continuous data
is a quantitative set of data derived representing a scale of measurement that
consist of numbers other than whole numbers like decimals and fractions.
Example;
height, weight, temperature, ages, salaries, wages,
◦
Scales of measurements
1. Nominal- is a scale that categorizes variables.
Example: Which brand of smart phones do you prefer?
2. Ordinal - is a scale that categorizes and depicts the rank or order of variables. Example:
How satisfied are you with the internet services offered by the different Telco
companies? 5 = VS, 4 = S, 3 = N, 2 = US, 1 = VUS.
3. Interval – is a numerical scale that categorizes and depicts rank or order of variables and
has equal intervals.
Example: 80 degrees is higher than 50 degrees and their difference is the same as 70
degrees and 40 degrees.
4. Ratio – is a numerical scale that contains the qualities of nominal, ordinal and interval
scales with an addition of absolute zero point.
Example: Amount of money, zero money indicates the absence of money.
Exercises:
Give the level of measurement for each of the following:
1. Occupation
2. Gender
3. Top ten students in Statistical Analysis class.
4. Income of company.
5. Room temperature
6. Colour preference of students.
7. Persons position in a quiz bee contest.
8. Monthly sales of a certain company.
9. Body temperature of an athlete.
10. IQ scores
Exercises:
Classify each variable as discrete or continuous.
1. Number of cars sold at Toyota Edsa.
2. Number of tiktokers in the Philippines.
3. Amount of milk consume daily by babies.
4. Temperature during the MECQ.
5. Daily tons of garbage in the market.
6. Number of front liners risking their lives to save lives.
7. Number of deaths per day due covid 19.
8. Number of LSI in metro Manila.
9. Dosage of a medicine for patients with covid 19.
10. Households with television set.
Exercises:
For each statement decide whether descriptive or inferential statistics were used.
1. A recent study showed that eating garlic can lower blood pressure.
2. The average number of students in statistics class this term is 25.
3. It is predicted that the average number of automobiles each household owns will
increase next year.
4. Last month the total number of covid 19 cases was 356,000.
5. The chance that a person will be infected by COVID is 99% if he exposes himself to a
positive career.
Example:
Classify each variable as qualitative or quantitative.
1. Salary of workers
2. Allowances of students.
3. Colour of the eyes
4. Number of students in the library
5. Courses offered at National University Manila.
6. Brand of detergents used by households.
7. Daily production output of workers.
8. Ice cream flavour.
9. Number students enrolled in Statistical Analysis.
10. Monthly sales of Mang Donalds restaurant.
KEEP SAFE EVERYONE
END

You might also like