Trigonometry Revision

•Radians
•Area of Sector and Arcs
•Area of triangle
•Sine and Cosine Rules

Sin and Cos values you should know

Trig Equations
 Radians (1)
y
As well as
/2
degrees, angles
can be expressed
1 in RADIANS
θ 0
x RADIANS are
 2
the distance
traveled around
the unit circle.
3/2
0o = 0 radians  radians
180o = 360o = 2 radians
90o = /2 radians

270o = 3 /2 radians
 Radians (2)
0o = 0 radians
To convert degrees to radians 90o = /2 radians


d degrees 180o =  radians

r radians
270o = 3 /2 radians

r= d
/180 x  360o = 2 radians

Example
To convert radians to degrees
d degrees
r radians

Example d= r
/ x 180
 Why Radians (1)
/2 It’s very handy for
arc a working out the
r lengths of arcs
θ 0
 2 In degrees :
Circumference = 2r

arc length a = 2r x θ/360o

3/2
In radians :
arc length a = r θ ; where θ is in radians
Example
 Why Radians (2)
/2 It’s very handy for
working out the
r area of sectors
sector
θ 0
 2 In degrees :
Area = r2

Area sector = r2 x θ/360o

3/2
In radians :
Area of sector = ½ r2θ ; where θ is in radians
Example
Formula
Book
 The Area of a Triangle
… for working the area in non-right angled triangles

Area = 1/2 ab sin C

C
angles
sides b a

A B
c

or Area = 1/2 ac sin B

or Area = 1/2 bc sin A
 Area - example
Area = 1/2 ab sin C
C
angles
sides 7 cm 75o
4 cm

A B

Area = 1/2 ab sin C

Area = 1/2 x 4 x 7 sin 75

Area = 14 x 0.966
Area = 13.5 cm2 [1 d.p.]
Example
 The Sine Rule
… is used for working out angles and sides in non-right angled triangles

It is …. a = b = c
sin A sin B sin C
C
angles
sides b a

A B
c
 The Sine Rule - example
Finding a side

a = b = c
sin A sin B sin C
C
angles
sides 4 cm
a?

35o 75o
A B

a = b a = 4
sin A sin B sin 35 sin 75
a = 4 x sin 35 = 2.375 = 2.4 cm [1dp]
sin 75
 The Sine Rule - example
Finding an angle

a = b = c
sin A sin B sin C
C
angles
sides 6.5 cm
4 cm

? 85o
A B

a = b 4 = 6.5
sin A sin B sin A sin 85
4 x sin 85 = 6.5 x sin A
sin A = 4 x sin 85 = 0.613 A = 38o or
6.5 180-38 = 162o
 The Cosine Rule
… is used for working out angles and sides in non-right angled triangles

It is …. a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc cos A
C
angles
sides b a

A B
c
By similar proofs:-

b = a + c - 2ac cos B
2 2 2 Rearranges to …

a2  b2  c2
cos C 
c2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab cos C 2ab
 The Cosine Rule - example
Finding a side

a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc cos A
C
angles
sides 6 a ?

75o
A B
8
a2 = 62 + 82 - 2x6x8 cos 75
a2 = 36 + 64 - 96 x 0.2588
a2 = 75.153
a =8.67 cm [2 d.p.]
 The Cosine Rule - example
Finding an angle cos C 
a 2
 b 2
 c 2

B
2ab
angles
sides 7.1 13.5

?
C A
8.8

cos C = 7.12 + 8.82 - 13.52 = -0.4353

2x7.1x8.8

C = cos-1(-0.4353 ) = 116o [to nearest degree]

 Things you should learn (1)
Isosceles triangle 45 cos  = adj/hyp = 1 / 2
- short sides of 1

2
1 sin  = opp/hyp = 1 / 2

45
1 sin 45 = 1/2 = 0.707
Using Pythagoras cos 45 = 1/2 = 0.707
h2 = 12 + 12 = 2
h = 2
 Things you should learn (2)
Equilateral triangle
- sides of 2
cos 60 = adj/hyp = 1 / 2
3060
30 cos 30 = adj/hyp = 3 / 2
2 2
3 sin 60 = opp/hyp = 3 / 2
sin 30 = opp/hyp = 1 / 2
60 60
1 2 1

Using Pythagoras
22 = 12 + x2
x2 = 4 - 1 = 3
x = 3
 Things you should learn (3)
cos 30 = 3 / 2
y = sin x
sin 60 = 3 / 2

cos 60 = 1 / 2
sin 30 = 1 / 2
sin 0 = 0
sin 90 =1 sin 45 = 1/2

cos 45 = 1/2
y = cos x
sin x = cos (90-x)
cos 0 = 1 cos x = sin (90-x)
cos 90 =0
Things you should know - summary
sin 0 = 0
y = sin x
sin 30 =1/2= 0.5
sin 45 = 1/2 = 0.707
sin 60 = 3/2 = 0.866
sin 90 =1
cos 90 =0
y = cos x cos 60 =1/2= 0.5
cos 45 = 1/2 = 0.707
cos 30 = 3/2 = 0.866
cos 0 = 1
Graphs: Sine
Graphs: Cosine
 Where are the 2 solutions for sin, cos and tan

Quadrant sin  cos  tan 

0o to 90o 0 to /2 +ve +ve +ve
90o to 180o /2 to  +ve -ve -ve
180o to 270o  to 3/2 -ve -ve +ve
270o to 360o 3/2 to 2 -ve +ve -ve
Which are positive? /2

sin cos
sin tan

Sine All
 0

Tan Cos
tan cos

3/2
Which are positive? /2

Silly A ll
 0

T om C ats
3/2
Which are positive? /2

Sausages A ll
 0

T aste C rap
3/2