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Abdominal Surgeries

This document discusses abdominal surgeries and physiotherapy management. It begins by covering anatomy of the abdomen and principles of abdominal surgery, including reasons for surgery and types of incisions. It then addresses common post-operative complications like respiratory issues, DVT, and muscle weakness. Finally, it outlines the goals and techniques of pre-operative and post-operative physiotherapy, which focus on preventing complications, maintaining range of motion and muscle strength, and promoting early mobility.

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TanuGarg
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133 views

Abdominal Surgeries

This document discusses abdominal surgeries and physiotherapy management. It begins by covering anatomy of the abdomen and principles of abdominal surgery, including reasons for surgery and types of incisions. It then addresses common post-operative complications like respiratory issues, DVT, and muscle weakness. Finally, it outlines the goals and techniques of pre-operative and post-operative physiotherapy, which focus on preventing complications, maintaining range of motion and muscle strength, and promoting early mobility.

Uploaded by

TanuGarg
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

Contents:-
 Anatomy of abdomen.
 Principles.
 Types of incisions.
 General post operative complications.
 Common surgeries.
 Physiotherapy management.

Wednesday, December 08, 2021 1


Anatomy of abdomen:-
 Extends vertically from xiphoid process to
pubic symphysis.
 anterior abdominal wall – made up of muscle.
 2 groups of muscle- 1. flat muscles, 2. vertical
muscles.
 Flat muscles – external oblique, internal
oblique, transeversus abdominis.
 Vertical muscles – rectus abdominis,
pyramidalis.

Wednesday, December 08, 2021 2


Anatomy of abdomen continues….

 Linea alba – midline connection of


apponeuroses of flat muscles.
 Rectus sheath – covering of rectus muscle.
 Functions of anterior abdominal wall –

1. support for abdominal viscera.


2. expulsive acts.
3. forceful expiration.
4. movement of trunk.

Wednesday, December 08, 2021 3


Principles of abdominal surgery
Reasons for surgery:-
 To remove diseased tissue. (ectomy)
 To repair the internal organs. (orraphy)
 To produce artificial opening. (otomy / ostomy)
 To inspect within the cavity. (oscopy)

Surgery may be planned or emergency procedure.

Wednesday, December 08, 2021 4


Types of incisions.
 Midline incision.
○ upper midline
○ lower midline
 Paramidian incision.
 Transverse incision.
○ upper transverse
○ lower transverse
○ meddle transverse
 Oblique incision.
○ Kocher's incision
○ Lenz’s incision
○ McBurney incision.

Wednesday, December 08, 2021 5


Complications:-
 Respiratory complication
Atelectesis
Pneumonia
 DVT
 Pulmonary embolus
 General muscle weakness
 Loss of mobility
 Other complications
Haemorrhage
Infection
Pressure sores

Wednesday, December 08, 2021 6


Respiratory complications:-
 Adverse effect of anesthesia.
 Depressed Cough reflex.
 Abdominal muscle weakness.
 Site of incision.

DVT:-
 Slowing of blood flow
 ↑ platelet count, fibrinogen

Wednesday, December 08, 2021 7


General PT management:-
General principles involved are –
 To prevent chest complication by maintaining
lung functions & aiding the clearance.
 To prevent thrombosis.
 To maintain muscle power & ROM.
 To maintain good posture.
 To promote early mobility.

Wednesday, December 08, 2021 8


General PT management continues….

Pre operative physiotherapy


Medical history.
Look for conditions which can predispose to
post-operative complications.
Explanation to pt.
Teach necessary exercises.
Post operative physiotherapy
Assessment
Treatment

Wednesday, December 08, 2021 9


Post operative PT:-
 Assessment –
Operative notes.
Position of drainage tubes, IV lines, catheter,
dressing.
Analgesic medicine.
Patient’s chart.
• Vital signs.
• Urine output.

Wednesday, December 08, 2021 10


Post operative PT continues….

 Treatment –
Positioning.
Splinting.
Deep breathing ex.
Coughing & chest clearance techniques.
- Postural drainage
- Nebulisations.
- Chest clapping, vibrations.
General mobility ex.
Strengthening ex.

Wednesday, December 08, 2021 11

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