WHAT IS ROAD?

- It is a way or route on land between two places

that are paved or improved to permit travel by
transportation means such as cars, motor
vehicles, and horses.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF ROAD
TRANSPORT

 Road are used by many types of vehicles.

 Relatively small investment for government.
 Short distance travel, road transport saves time.
 Road transport offers complete freedom to road users.
 Road transport offers itself to whole communit.
 Due to speed and flexibility of movement offered to road users,
road transport subjected to high degree of accidents but
derailment of railway locomotive and air crash are more
disastrous.
IMPORTANCE OF
TRANSPORTATIO
N
 • Transportation for Business

Most industries and businesses require fast and efficient transportation to

deliver and receives goods and raw materials in order to maintain steady
business and generate a profit.
 • Transportation for Work

Transport provides many opportunities for employment- such as train

drivers, deliveries, cabin crew, captains, pilot, conductors and people
behind the scenes, in traffic control for example. whether your job is in
transportation itself, or you rely on it to get yourself to work-
transportation runs through the heart of most people's everyday working
life.
 • Transfortation for Convenience

Without transport, we wouldn't be able to live in the fast-paced world we

have. Where we can get pizza delivered anywhere anytime. We're also be
able to order late at night for our convenience, thanks to transportation, the
possibilities are endless.
• Transportation for Connectivity

Transportation is a great way to improve a location. Better access to

transport increases a place's popularity and therefore growth. It's why so many
roads and bridges seem to pop up everywhere you go. this reduces travel costs
for businesses and consumers creating an easier way for us to get what we
need go to it.
 DIFFERENT
MODES OF
TRANSPORTATIO
N
 Modes of
Transportation

Roadways or
Railways Waterways Airways
Highways
 Roadways or Highways
The first, and most common mode of transportation in logistics, is road. From walking to
horses to wagon to bikes to cars to trucks, roads transprtation has been around the longer
than mode and is utilizedthe most of any mode in logoistics.
With the continued improvement of vehicles and road infrastructure, transportation by
the road is the most versatile of four main modes for smaller loads over a shorter distances
and as such, road is the only mode that performs door-to-door deliveries. Consequently,
most shipments taht initially were carried b another mode of transportation are completed
by road transportation.
Th main downside to road transport is rhe external infljuences that play into its
effectiveness, primarily weather, traffic, and road regulations, three things that mostly don't
influence other modes. In addition to these drawbacks, in the current shipping environment
it has become increasingly difficult to find truck delivers. This capacity shortage has led to an
increase in intermodal transportation.
 Railways
Rail transport is confined to a more limited
infrastructure than road transport. Railways, are limited to semi-level
geographic areas making construction increasingly laborious.
Thus, railways are primarily only accessible in large metropolitan
areas. This attribute makes rail one of the primary players in the
intermodal transportation. Within the confines of the railway
system, the rail vehicle is not influeced by traffic, points of diversion ,
and switch offs between modes. This makes the rail the most dependable modes for
making long hauls across land with minimal damage. Trains commonly carry bulk cargo
items such as coal, corn, iron, ore, and wheat, items taht would be uneconomical to ship
by truck.
 Waterways
Shipping by water has been practiced for thousand of years and remains pivotal to
today's global trade. 90% of all international trade is accomplished through maritime
transportation. Cargo ships travel on almost every major body of water and have
capacity to transport the highest volume of freight of any mode of transportation at
the lowest cost.the greatest disadvantage of maritime cargo shipsis the speed at which
they operate. By far, maritime is the slowest mode of transportation. it is however, the
most efecient for the amount of cargo it is capable of carrying.
 Airways
Air transportation is the fastest growing and most time effecient shipping mode.
Consequently, many companies, such as Amazon and UPS, have purchased their own
fleets of airpalins to gain a competitive edge in the growing market.
The increasing popularity of flight as apreferred way to travel also makes shipping
by air more convenient as shipments regularly piggyback on passenger planes,
furthermaking air an economic way to transport goods.
Air transport is still, by far, the most expensive way to ship. Also, due to the nature
of air travel, weight and volume of freight has to stay minimal to ensure the safety of
the flight. The levelof emission produced by air transport are also the highest of any
mode.
CLASSIFICATION
OF ROADS
 Classification
of Roads

Location &
Materials Traffic Volume Width
Function

Economy Trafic Type Rigidity Topography

 Based on Material

Earthen Road Gravel Road

 Based on Material

Murrum Road Kankar Road

 Based on Material

WBM(Water Bound Macadam) Road Bituminous Road

Based on Material

Concrete Road
Based on Location & Function

National Highway State Highway

Based on Location & Function

District Road Rural Road or Village Road

 Based on Traffic Volume

Light Traffic Road Medium Traffic Road

• The road which are carrying 400 • If a road is carrying 400 to 1000
vehicles daily on an average. vehicles per day.
Based on Traffic Volume

High Traffic Road

• if a road is carrying more than
1000vehicles per day.
 Based on Economy

Low-cost Road Medium Cost Road

• The roads which requires less • The funds required for
capital and capital and can be constructiig medium-cost roads
constructed with the available are higher than the low-cost
materials. roads. Roads to travel from
village to nearest town is one of
the examples of medium-cost
roads.
Based on Economy

High-cost Road
• These roads require huge capital
to construct. Bitumen or Cement
concrete is used in high-cost
roads.
 Based on Traffic Type

Pedestrian Ways Cycle Tracks

• Pedestrian ways are exclusively • Cycle tracks or bicycles tracks are
built for pedestrians, and no prvided on both sides of the
vehicles are permitted in this pavements for cyclists;hence
way. they can travel safely.
Based on Traffic Type

Motorways
• Motorways are also known as
expressways. only a few vehicles
are accessible to use this type of
road. The cars which can move
with high-speed acceleration are
permitted in this way.
Motorways makes travel quick
and provides comfort for high-
speed vehicles.
 Based on Rigidity

Flexible Road Rigid Road

• It consist of a flexible layer as a • Are non-flexible and cement
pavement surface, which concrete roads are fall under this
requires proper category.
maintenance;otherwise, it can
be disintegrated easily with
heavy traffic. All typess of road
except concrete roads fall uder
this category.
 Based on Topography

Plain Area Road Hilly Area Road

• The roads constructed on • Roads constructed in hilly
leveled surface. regions are called as hill area
roads or ghat roads. Generally
these are provided around the
hill in a spiral shape.