LINUX OS COMMANDS

LINUX VI EDITOR COMMANDS

VI COMMANDS
i - insert mode, (ESC to exit insert mode) allows text to be entered on the screen
a - Append to Right mode
/word - Move on the Occurrence of “word”
n - Locate the next occurance
w - Advance to the next word
e - Advance to the net end of the word
b - Move to the previous word
3b - Move backward 3 words
dd - delete line
3dd - delete 3 lines
D - Delete remainder of the line
dw - Delete Word
x - Delete Character
o - Open Space for new line below the cursor line
O - Open a line above the Cursor
CTRL-w - Move back a word in append mode
u - Undo Last
:w newfilename - Save the file to new name from the command mode.
:wq - Save and exit
q! - Quit without saving
r - replace then type a character to be replaced with r then return to
break up a line
J - Join two lines
s - Substitute(sentence) typed text over a character, ESC when done .
cw - Change word
c - change part of a line from the cursor to the end of the line.
cc - substitute new text for a line, ESC when done.
h - move the cursor back one space
H - move the cursor to the highest line on the screen
L - move the cursor to the lowest line on the screen.
M - position the cursor at the midpoint on the screen.
0(Zero) - Move the cursor to the beginning of the line it is on.
View filename - Open a file for viewing only
set number - Turn on line numbers
Setno number - Turn off line numbers
BASIC UNIX COMMANDS
 COMMANDS/SYNTAX WHAT IT WILL DO

awk/nawk [options] file scan for patterns in a file and process the results

cat [options] file concatenate (list) a file

cd [directory] change directory
chgrp [options] group file change the group of the file
chmod [options] file change file or directory access permissions
chown [options] owner file change the ownership of a file; can only be done by
the super user

chsh (passwd -e/-s) username login_shell change the user's login shell (often only by the super
user)
cmp [options] file1 file2 compare two files and list where differences occur
(text or binary files)
compress [options] file compress file and save it as file.
cp [options] file1 file2 copy file1 into file2; file2 shouldn't already exist. This
command creates or overwrites file2.
 COMMANDS/SYNTAX WHAT IT WILL DO
cut (options) [file(s)] cut specified field(s)/character(s) from lines in
file(s)
date [options] report the current date and time
dd [if=infile] [of=outfile] [operand=value] copy a file, converting between ASCII and EBCDIC
or swapping byte order, as specified
diff [options] file1 file2 compare the two files and display the differences
(text files only)
df [options] [resource] report the summary of disk blocks and inodes free
and in use
du [options] [directory or file] report amount of disk space in use
echo [text string] echo the text string to standard out put
ed or ex [options] file Unix line editors
emacs [options] file full-screen editor
expr arguments evaluate the arguments. Used to do arithmetic,
etc. in the shell.
file [options] file classify the file type
find directory [options] [actions] find files matching a type or pattern
 COMMANDS/SYNTAX WHAT IT WILL DO

finger [options] user[@hostname] report information about users on local and

remote machines
ftp [options] host transfer file(s) using file transfer protocol
grep [options] 'search string' argument search the argument (in this case probably a file)
egrep [options] 'search string' argument for all occurrences of the search string, and list
fgrep [options] 'search string' argument them
gzip [options] file compress or uncompress a file. Compressed files
gunzip [options] file are stored with a .gz ending
zcat [options] file
head [-number] file display the first 10 (or number of) lines of a file
hostname display or set (super-user only) the name of the
current machine
kill [options] [-SIGNAL] [pid#] [%job] send a signal to the process with the process id
number (pid#) or job control number (%n). The
default signal is to kill the process.
ln [options] source_file target link the source_file to the target
lpq [options] show the status of print jobs
lpstat [options]
 COMMANDS/SYNTAX WHAT IT WILL DO

lpr [options] file print to defined printer

lp [options] file
lprm [options] remove a print job from the print queue
cancel [options]
ls [options] [directory or file] list directory contents or file permissions

mail [options] [user] simple email utility available on Unix systems. Type a
mailx [options] [user] period as the first character on a new line to send message
Mail [options] [user] out, question mark for help.
man [options] command show the manual (man) page for a command
mkdir [options] directory make a directory
more [options] file
less [options] file page through a text file
pg [options] file
mv [options] file1 file2 move file1 into file2
od [options] file octal dump a binary file, in octal, ASCII, hex, decimal, or
character mode.
passwd [options] set or change your password
 COMMANDS/SYNTAX WHAT IT WILL DO

paste [options] file paste field(s) onto the lines in file

pr [options] file filter the file and print it on the terminal
ps [options] show status of active processes
pwd print working (current) directory
rcp [options] hostname remotely copy files from this machine to another machine
rlogin [options] hostname login remotely to another machine

rm [options] file remove (delete) a file or directory (-r recursively deletes the
directory and its contents) (-i prompts before removing files)

rmdir [options] directory remove a directory

rsh [options] hostname remote shell to run on another machine
script file saves everything that appears on the screen to file until exit is
executed

sed [options] file stream editor for editing files from a script or from the
command line

sort [options] file sort the lines of the file according to the options chosen
 COMMANDS/SYNTAX WHAT IT WILL DO

source file . File read commands from the file and execute them in the current
shell. source: C shell, .: Bourne shell.
strings [options] file report any sequence of 4 or more printable characters ending in
<NL> or <NULL>. Usually used to search binary files for ASCII
strings.
stty [options] set or display terminal control options
tail [options] file display the last few lines (or parts) of a file
tar key[options] [file(s)] tape archiver--refer to man pages for details on creating, listing,
and retrieving from archive files. Tar files can be stored on tape
or disk.
tee [options] file copy stdout to one or more files
telnet [host [port]] communicate with another host using telnet protocol
touch [options] [date] file create an empty file, or update the access time of an existing file
tr [options] string1 string2 translate the characters in string1 from stdin into those in string2
in stdout
uncompress file.Z uncompress file.Z and save it as a file
uniq [options] file remove repeated lines in a file
 COMMANDS/SYNTAX WHAT IT WILL DO

uudecode [file] decode a uuencoded file, recreating the original file

uuencode [file] new_name encode binary file to 7-bit ASCII, useful when sending via email,
to be decoded as new_name at destination
vi [options] file visual, full-screen editor
wc [options] [file(s)] display word (or character or line) count for file(s)
whereis [options] command report the binary, source, and man page locations for the
command named
which command reports the path to the command or the shell alias in use
who or w report who is logged in and what processes are running
zcat file.Z concatenate (list) uncompressed file to screen, leaving file
compressed on disk