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Natural Resource: Minerals

The document discusses mineral resources and mining in India. It defines minerals and ores, and describes important minerals found in India like iron, aluminum, zinc and manganese. It also outlines the process of mining including prospecting, exploration, development and exploitation. Further, it discusses the usefulness of mining resources and some environmental and health issues associated with mining.

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Mk Verma
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28 views

Natural Resource: Minerals

The document discusses mineral resources and mining in India. It defines minerals and ores, and describes important minerals found in India like iron, aluminum, zinc and manganese. It also outlines the process of mining including prospecting, exploration, development and exploitation. Further, it discusses the usefulness of mining resources and some environmental and health issues associated with mining.

Uploaded by

Mk Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AIAS

Natural Resource
Minerals
10.Oct.20

By:
DR. KARUNENDRA
ASST. PROFESSOR
AMITY INSTITUTE OF APPLIED SCIENCES
AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA CAMPUS, UTTAR-
PRADESH
Mineral Resources
AIAS

A Mineral is a naturally occurring


substance of definite chemical
composition and identifiable
physical properties.

An Ore is a mineral or combination of


minerals from which a useful
substance, such as a metal, can be
extracted and used to manufacture a
useful product.

Minerals are formed over a period of


millions of years in the earth’s crust.
Iron, aluminum, zinc, manganese and Fig: Important mineral found in India
copper are important raw materials for
industrial use.
Important Coal mines in India AIAS

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Usefulness of mining resources
AIAS

 Building Materials: sand,


gravel, stone, cement, steel,
aluminum, asphalt, glass.
 Plumbing and Wiring: iron
and steel, copper, brass, lead,
cement, asbestos
 Appliances: iron, copper,
many rare metals
 Defense equipment's
 Agricultural: fertilizers,
machinery
 Jewellery: gold, silver,
platinum, diamond etc.
Fig: Building Materials
Mining
AIAS

Minerals and their ores need to be extracted from the earth’s


interior so that they can be used. This process is known as
mining.

Mining operations generally progress through four stages:

Prospecting: Searching for minerals.


Exploration: Assessing the size, shape, location and
economic value of the deposit.
Development: Work of preparing access to the deposit so that
the minerals can be extracted from it.
Exploitation: Extracting the minerals from the mines.
Mining hazards AIAS

 Mining poses several long-term occupational hazards


to the miners.
 Dust produced during mining operations is injurious
to health and causes a lung disease known as black
lung, or pneumoconiosis.
 Fumes generated by incomplete dynamite explosions
are extremely poisonous.
 Methane gas, emanating from coal strata is hazardous
to health although not poisonous in the concentrations
usually encountered in mine air.
 Radiation is a hazard in uranium mines. Mining is a
hazardous occupation, and the safety of mine workers
is an important environmental consideration of the
industry.
 Surface mining is less hazardous than underground
mining.
 In all underground mines, rock and roof falls,
flooding, and inadequate ventilation are the greatest
hazards. Large explosions have occurred in coal
mines, killing many miners. Fig: Mining hazards
Mining: Environmental problems AIAS

 Mining operations are considered one of the main sources of


environmental degradation. The extraction of all these products from
the lithosphere has a variety of side effects.
 Depletion of available land due to mining, waste from industries,
conversion of land to industry and pollution of land, water and air by
industrial wastes, are environmental side effects of the use of these
non-renewable resources.
 Public awareness of this problem is of a global nature and
government actions to stem the damage to the natural environment
have led to numerous international agreements and laws directed
toward the prevention of activities and events that may adversely
affect the environment
AIAS

 Devegetation and defacing of landscape: Top soil along with vegetation


has to be removed for reaching to the mineral resource, this results into
removal of forest and vegetation present in the area also results into loss of
biodiversity.
 Subsidence of land: mainly related to the underground mining often leading
to destruction of property and displacement of local habitants.
 Watershed disturbance: Mining activity disturb the natural hydrological
process and pollute the ground water due to leaching of heavy metals and
acids.
 Acid-mine drainage: Acid mine drainage is most serious problem associated
with the mining sectors. This is normally associated with the metal ore mines
and coal mines having high concentration of sulphides in ores which react
with air and water to produce acidity.

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AIAS

 Air Pollution: Mining activity is also a major source of SPM, some of


the coal mines release methane through cracks and opening. Mine
fire also results into formation of NOx and SOx and some secondary
pollutant such as ozone.
 Noise pollution: Mining activity involves lot of heavy machinery
related to extraction and transportation of mineral ores resulting into
increase noise level in the mining zones.
 Displacement of tribal and local population: Mining activity in
forested and hilly region mostly resulted into the displacement of tribal
and marginalized population resulted into their rehabilitation issue.
 Occupational hazards

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Audio-Video on Iron Ore in India
AIAS

10
AIAS

QUESTIONS

11

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