NATURAL

DISASTER
B Y D H AVA L M I S T R Y TO M A D A M V I D H I V YA S
1 S T YEAR(2019-2023)
B.TECH MECHANICAL
ROLL NO. -19BME021
WHAT IS DISASTER?

• A sudden accident or a natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of

life.
Classification:-
Natural Disaster eg. Tornado, hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, drought, forest fire,cyclone
etc
Man Made Disaster eg. Nuclear disaster, biological disaster, fire accidents, road
accidents , terrorism, etc
 CYCLONE
• What is cyclone?
A system of winds rotating inwards to an area of low barometric pressure, with an anticlockwise
(northern hemisphere) or clockwise (southern hemisphere) circulation; a depression.
Types of Cyclone:-
Extratropical cyclone
Polar low cyclone
Subtropical cyclone
Tropical cyclone
The cyclones are classified as severe (MSW of 48-63 knots), very
severe (MSW of 64-89 knots), extremely severe (MSW of 90-119
knots) and super cyclonic storm (MSW of 120 knots or more). One
knot is equal to 1.8 kmph.MSW-Maximum Speed of Wind

CYCLONE FANI
Cyclone Fani, which has been classified as an extremely severe
cyclone (ESC), is the 10th such cyclone to hit India in May in past
52 years. Data from the India Meteorological Department (IMD)
show that the last time an extremely severe cyclone hit India in May
was in 2004.
Generally, extremely severe cyclones hit India's east coast in the
post-monsoon season (October-December).
WHAT MAKES CYCLONE FANI SPECIAL ?
•Timing and strength are two factors that make Cyclone
Fani, pronounced as Foni, different from most other
tropical cyclones in this time of the year. Traversing for
nearly 10 days over the sea allowed Fani to gather such
strength that it is now classified as an extremely severe
cyclone.
•It has been observed that cyclones/hurricanes/tornados
that spend a long time travelling over the sea are
generally more powerful than the ones that hit the
landmass within a few days.The reason is that the longer
duration at sea allows storms to gather more water and
momentum and thus generate stronger winds.
•Another aspect that makes Cyclone Fani special is its
trajectory. Fani started developing around the Equator and
moved upwards (see image below). It thus has had a
much longer journey from its starting point to the point
where it made a landfall, than other cyclones that
generate
T H E W Oin
R Lthe
D MBay ofR OBengal.
ETEO L O G I C A L O R G A N I S AT I O N ( W M O ) , A
U N I T E D N AT I O N S B O D Y T H AT M O N I T O R S W E AT H E R
C O N D I T I O N S , H A D S A I D T H E E X T R E M E LY S E V E R E
C Y C L O N E FA N I W I L L M A K E A L A N D FA L L I N O D I S H A
WITH WIND SPEEDS OF MORE THAN 170 KM/H.
TWO SOURCES OF CYCLONES:
•The Indian subcontinent experiences cyclones from two basins: the Bay of Bengal basin and the Arabian Sea basin. Of the
two, more cyclones are generated in the Bay of Bengal and cyclones here have also been more severe than the one generated
over the Arabian Sea.

Reason
•One of the reasons why tropical cyclones are more prone to the Bay of Bengal is that its surface temperature is more than that
of the Arabian Sea. Tropical cyclones generally need a temperature of around 28 degrees Celsius. The Bay of Bengal is more
conducive to this than the Arabian Sea.
•Another peculiarity with the Bay of Bengal is that it is known for its potential in generating dangerous high storm tides. When
these tides and cyclonic storms coincide, it becomes a major killer.

Research
•According to the India Meteorological Department, "Out of 10 recorded cases of very heavy loss of life (ranging from about
40,000 to well over 2,00,000) in the world due to tropical cyclones, nine cases were in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian
Sea."
•Cyclone Fani, one of the most severe storms to hit the region in recent years, made p9landfall at 08:00 local time (02:30
GMT) on Friday.
•More than one million people have been evacuated from the eastern state of Orissa, also called Odisha.
•A state official said two people had been killed.
•Flooding has also been reported in several areas, and forecasters say a storm surge of 1.5m (5ft) could threaten low-lying
homes.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXQYrsi_jns&feature=yo
utu.be
Cyclone Fani has further intensified into an “severe cyclonic storm” and is approaching the Odisha coast. It is likely to cross Odisha
Coast somewhere between Gopalpur and Chandbali, south of Puri district around 3 May. A red alert warning for 17 districts of Odisha
has been issued on 30 April. After landfall, it is likely to move to Khurda, Cuttack, Jajpur, Bhadrak and Balasore districts of Odisha
and then enter to West Bengal.
Tropical Cyclone FANI made landfall between Brahmagiri village and Puri City (Odisha State, India) on the morning of 3 May, with
maximum sustained winds up to 240 km/h (Category 4 on the Saffir-Simpson scale)...Over 1 million people have been evacuated
from coastal communities in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh and 4 852 shelters have been set up. Rail, road and air traffic have been
suspended. In Bangladesh, national authorities have ordered the evacuation of 19 coastal districts and 3 868 evacuation shelters
have been opened.
The death toll from Tropical Cyclone FANI has increased to 42 in India, while 17 fatalities have been confirmed in Bangladesh by UN
OCHA. Approximately 10 million people from coastal areas in the north-eastern States of India have been affected by the tropical
cyclone.
 Despite the success in avoiding higher death tolls, the cyclone has severely affected lives and livelihoods of more than 28
million people across 3 States in India. 24 districts have been affected across the states of Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West
Bengal. Severely impacted areas are all in Odisha, mainly the districts of Puri (where the cyclone made landfall), Khurdha,
Cuttack, Nayagarh and Jagatsinghpur. More than 4.8 million children are directly impacted by the cyclone in the state of Odisha
alone, most them residing in villages and slums deprived of even basic necessities. Critical services to children continue to be
disrupted in the affected districts even after a week. According to damage assessment conducted in Odisha state by Indian Red
Cross Society on 8 May, out of 14 districts affected by Tropical Cyclone FANI, Puri, Cuttack, Kendrapara and Jagatsinpur are the
districts that were extremely affected. At least 16 million people were affected. The number of casualty reported was 43. In Puri
district, more than 189,000 houses were damaged. Summer crops, orchards, plantations devastated in a large scale.
 
As of 8 July 2019, Cyclone Fani has killed at least 89 people in eastern India and Bangladesh. Cyclone Fani caused about
US$1.81 billion in damages in both India and Bangladesh, mostly in Odisha state in India.
https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/cyclone-fani-landfall-odis
ha-west-bengal-india-deadliest-storms-1516064-2019-05-03
THANK
YOU!!