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The Basic Ideas of Sets

The document discusses the basic concepts of sets including: - A set is a well-defined collection of distinct objects called elements. Sets can be finite, containing elements that can be counted, or infinite. - Common set operations include union, intersection, and difference. The union of two sets contains all elements in either set. The intersection contains elements shared by both sets. The difference contains elements only in the first set. - Sets are usually defined by listing elements or using a descriptive rule. The number of elements in a set is its cardinality. Venn diagrams can visually represent relationships between sets.

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Lea Grace Guleng
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21 views

The Basic Ideas of Sets

The document discusses the basic concepts of sets including: - A set is a well-defined collection of distinct objects called elements. Sets can be finite, containing elements that can be counted, or infinite. - Common set operations include union, intersection, and difference. The union of two sets contains all elements in either set. The intersection contains elements shared by both sets. The difference contains elements only in the first set. - Sets are usually defined by listing elements or using a descriptive rule. The number of elements in a set is its cardinality. Venn diagrams can visually represent relationships between sets.

Uploaded by

Lea Grace Guleng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Basic Ideas

of Sets
SET
- is a well-defined collection of
items/objects.
- “Well-defined” means that we
can decide whether the object
does or does not belong to the set.
ELEMENT
- each item or a member of the
set.
Example:
Set:
{1,2, 3, 4, 5}
Elements:
{1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {5}
A set is usually named with a capital
letter and maybe defined in three
ways:
a. Roster or listing method
-This is done by listing the elements of
a set.
For example a set of ball games may
be written as
A = { basketball, volley ball,
baseball, soccer, football}
b. Description notation or Rule
Method
This is done by writing the elements
of a set with the use of a descriptor.
For example,
B = {x| x is scenic spot in the
Philippines}. This is read as “the set
B contains the element x such that x
is a scenic spot in the Philippines.”
The elements are separated by
commas and enclosed in braces. If
the number of elements of a set is
large, we can write only enough
elements to establish a pattern.
S={0,2,4,6,…,18}
EMPTY SET or NULL SET
-is always a subset of any set. {}
CARDINALITY SET
-is the number of elements of the set.

Example:
Set X has 5 elements; |X|= 5
Set Y has no element; |Y|= 0
INFINITE SET
-is a well- defined collection of
items/objects (elements cannot
be counted or listed) as the set
of whole numbers or the set of
real numbers. Example: {0, 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, . . . .}
FINITE SET
-are elements that can be
counted or listed.
Example:
set of vowels= {a, e, i, o, u}
UNION SET
A union B , written as (AUB), is the set
consisting of all elements that are found
in A or in B or in both.

Example:
A= {1, 2, 3, 4} and B= {5, 6, 7, 8}
AUB = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
INTERSECTION SET
The intersection of A and B, written
as A∩B, is the set consisting of all
elements that are found in both sets A
and B.

Example:
Find A∩B.
A= {1, 2, 4, 5} and B= {1, 5, 6, 7, 8}
A∩B = {1, 5}
VENN DIAGRAM
- invented by John Venn, an
English mathematician
- are used to show relationship
between sets. Venn drew a
rectangular region to represent
the universal set U.
VENN DIAGRAM
DIFFERENCE OF TWO SETS
The difference of sets A and B (A-B)
is the set whose elements belong to
set A which do not belong to set B.
Example:
Find A-B.
Set A= {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}
Set B = {11, 12, 13, 16, 17}
(A-B) = {14, 15}
THANK YOU

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