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Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is caused by impaired potassium excretion due to kidney disease or drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis like ACE inhibitors. It can cause muscle weakness, cardiac conduction abnormalities, and arrhythmias. Diagnosis involves clinical features, peaked T waves on ECG, and serum potassium over 5.5. Treatment includes intravenous calcium gluconate and insulin with dextrose to counteract hyperkalemia's effects, as well as diuretics or dialysis to remove excess potassium from the body.

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62 views4 pages

Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is caused by impaired potassium excretion due to kidney disease or drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis like ACE inhibitors. It can cause muscle weakness, cardiac conduction abnormalities, and arrhythmias. Diagnosis involves clinical features, peaked T waves on ECG, and serum potassium over 5.5. Treatment includes intravenous calcium gluconate and insulin with dextrose to counteract hyperkalemia's effects, as well as diuretics or dialysis to remove excess potassium from the body.

Uploaded by

gibreil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hyperkalemia

• Causes
a) impaired urinary potassium excretion due to
acute or chronic kidney disease
b) drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-
aldosterone axis eg ACE inhibitors eg
enalapril
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
1) muscle weakness or paralysis,
2) cardiac conduction abnormalities, and
3) cardiac arrhythmias.
Diagnosis
a) Clinical features
b) ECG …..peaked T waves
c) Serum potassium …..more than 5.5
Treatment
1) Intravenous calcium to antagonize the
membrane actions of hyperkalemia eg iv
calcium gluconate 1g 10% 10ml
2) Intravenous insulin , rapid-acting , 10 units
with iv dextrose 50ml
3) Therapy to rapidly remove excess potassium
from the body eg diuretics or dialysis

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