Topics

A history of apemen – the track record

 Two case studies

1. Neandertals
2. Australopithecines and Lucy
 How evolution hinders critical thinking
 Mechanism for change
 Looking for Evidence
If the evolution of humans from an ape-like
ancestor is true there should be two proof
evidences:

1. The fossil record

2. A mechanism for change

If these evidences are absent, then the

only alternative is special creation by God
 History of Man
The Bible teaches that Evolution begins with
God created man the assumption that
man has evolved from
ape-like creatures

So God created man in

his own image, in the
image of God he created
him; male and female
Genesis 1:27 Pick your relative
 School Textbooks
Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, Biology – Visualizing
Life, 1998, p. 213.

“Look closely at your hand. You have five

flexible fingers. Animals with five flexible
fingers are called primates. Monkeys, apes,
and humans are examples of
primates….Primates most likely evolved from
small, insect-eating rodentlike mammals that
lived about 60 million years ago.”
 School Textbooks
Miller and Levine, Biology, 2000, p. 757.

“But all researchers agree on certain basic

facts. We know, for example, that humans
evolved from ancestors we share with other
living primates such as chimpanzees and
apes.”
 Java Man Pithecanthropus erectus
 1891:An apelike skullcap and a
humanlike thighbone were
found 45 feet apart – claim:
500,000

Rudolph Virchow (regarded as

the father of modern pathology)
stated at the time of discovery:
“In my opinion this creature was an animal, a giant
gibbon, in fact. The thigh bone has not the slightest
connection with the skull.”
 Java Man
 Human fossils (Wadjak) were also found in
Java dating about the same age as Java Man
 Leading authorities of the time rejected
Dubois’s findings
 Hackel, a prime promoter of evolution and
Java Man, already had a reputation for
fraud in promoting his views on evolution
 Since1950, anthropologists and textbooks
have been calling Java man Homo erectus
 Piltdown Man

Segment of lower
ape-like jaw Segment of human skull
 Piltdown Man
 Partsfound between 1908 and 1912 in
Piltdown, England
 Portion of human skull
 Portion of lower ape-like jaw

 The claim: 500,000 year old

intermediate link
 Piltdown Man
New York Times ran an article:
“Darwin Theory Proved True.”
 Featured in textbooks and encyclopedias
 In 1953 scientists studied the bones

The Truth
A fraud (600 year old bones)
 Nebraska Man
 1922 fossil evidence was discovered
 Used to support evolution in the 1925
Scopes trial
 The claim: 1 million year old
intermediate link

The Truth
An extinct pig’s tooth
 Ramapithecus
1930s

What they found

What they drew

 Ramapithecus
Time Magazine (Nov. 7, 1977)

“Ramapithicus is ideally structured to

be an ancestor of hominids. If he isn't,
we don't have anything else that is.”
 Ramapithecus
Pithecos = Greek for ape
Discovered in 1930s: jaw fragments and teeth

Time magazine (Nov. 7, 1977)

“Ramapithicus is ideally
structured to be an ancestor
of hominids. If he isn't, we
don't have anything else
that is.”
 Ramapithecus
The claim: 14 million year old intermediate
between ape-like creatures and humans

The truth
 In 1970 a baboon living in Ethiopia was
discovered.
 Same dental structure
 Similar morphological features found on
Ramapithecus
 Ramapithecus dropped from human line
 Summary of “Facts”
 Java Man ………… Two different creatures
 Piltdown Man ……. Hoax

 Nebraska Man ….. Pig

 Ramapithecus ….. Ape

What about the dates?

In each case the date (age)
was completely WRONG!
 Ramapithecus
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001.
“An extinct group of primates that lived from
about 12 to 14 million years ago, ….
Although it was generally an apelike creature,
Ramapithecus was considered a possible
human ancestor on the basis of the
reconstructed jaw and dental characteristics of
fragmentary fossils. A complete jaw
discovered in 1976 was clearly nonhominid,
however, and Ramapithecus is now regarded
… to be an ancestor of the orangutan.”
 Neandertals
Lucy and the Australopithicines
Case Study 1
 Neandertals

Original Drawing of Neandertal

 Neandertals
 First found near Dusseldorf, Germany in 1856
 Constructed to look ape-like
 Brain capacity about 200 cc larger

Initial construction discovered to be wrong

 Used jewelry
 Used musical instruments
 Did cave paintings
 Capable of speech
 Buried their dead
 Neandertal Burial Cites
Marvin Lubenow, “Recovery of Neanderthal mtDNA:
An Evaluation,” Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal,
1998 p.89.

“Most anthropologists recognize burial as a

very human, and a very religious, act. But
the strongest evidence that Neandertals
were fully human and of our species is that
at four sites Neandertals and modern
humans were buried together.”
 Rearranging the Data
From Buried Alive by Dr. Jack Cuozzo
Drawing of a
Neandertal fossil
purchased at the
souvenir counter at
the museum in Berlin
giving an ape-like
appearance

Lower jaw 30 mm (over

an inch) out of the socket
 Rearranging the Data
From Buried Alive by Dr. Jack Cuozzo

Flat, human
Lower jaw 30 mm (over
appearance
an inch) out of the socket
Neandertal Anatomy
Thick brow
Stocky body build
Short extremities
 Neandertal Anatomy
B. Endo, “Experimental Studies on the Mechanical
Significance of the Form of the Human Facial
Skeleton,” J. Fac. Univ. Tokyo, 1966.

Biochemical models have

demonstrated that chewing muscles
working through the teeth generates
intensive concentration of
compression in the nasal and
forehead region…i.e. a bigger brow
ridge.
 Neandertal DNA
Nicholas Comninellis, M.D., Creative Defense:
Evidence Against Evolution, 2001, p. 195. (citing
Marvin Lubenow, “Recovery of Neanderthal mtDNA:
An Evaluation,” Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal,
1998.)

“Analysis of Neanderthal DNA failed to

demonstrate any significance from DNA
of modern humans.”
 Neandertals Were Human
Dave Phillips (Physical Anthropologist),
“Neanderthals Are Still Human,” Impact Article #223,
May, 2000
“Neanderthals were human. They buried their
dead, used tools, had a complex social
structure, employed language, and played
musical instruments.
Neanderthal anatomy differences are
extremely minor and can be for the most part
explained as a result of a genetically isolated
people that lived a rigorous life in a harsh,
cold climate.”
 Neandertals Were Human
R. Ward and C. Stringer, “A molecular handle on
the Neanderthals”, Nature, pp. 225–226.
“If early human populations were ‘very small and
isolated from one another’, gradually each would
accumulate ‘different losses’ [in mitochondrial DNA]
until they all came to look really different from each
other because of the drift. …
Nothing in the new data rules out the possibility that
Neandertals interbred with ordinary Homo sapiens,
which would make them part of the same species.”
 Neandertal Population
 Common dates for Neandertals are
130,000 to 30,000 years ago
 Neandertalsexisted for about
100,000 years (2,500 generations: 40
years per generation)
 Neandertal Population
From year 1 to 2,000 the population has grown
from about 300 million to 6 billion (100
generations)
The Problem
There should have been over 50 billion
Neandertals that lived during this time!

Where are the fossils?

 Neanderthals
David Menton, (Ph.D. Cell Biology and 30 years
Professor of Human Anatomy), “Making Monkeys
Out of Man”, www.answersingenesis.org/docs2/4371gc8-
28-2000.asp

“Despite the overwhelming evidence that

Neanderthals were simply a race of stocky
humans, imaginative artists (with the
encouragement of some evolutionists) have
consistently rendered them as stooped
‘ape-men.’”
Conclusion About Neandertals
 Protruding brow ridge
 Stocky body build and short extremities
 Isolated population of people
 Lived in a cold, harsh climate
 100% human

Neandertal man,
reconstructed from a
skull found in La
Chapelle-aux-Saints,
France
Case Study 2
 Lucy
 What was found?
 How old is Lucy?

 Did Lucy walk upright and how do we

know?
Lucy and the Australopithecines
 Lucy discovered in 1974
 About 40% of the fossil was found

 Claimed to be 3.5 million years old

 Claimed bipedal (walked upright)

Lucy and the Australopithecines
Lucy and the Australopithecines
 No similarity in appearance to humans
 Long arms are identical to chimpanzees
 Jaws are similar to chimpanzees

 Upper leg bone is similar to chimpanzees

 Lucy’s legs were very ape-like

 Brain size (400-500 cc) overlaps chimpanzees

 Large back muscles for tree dwelling

 Hands similar to pygmy chimpanzee

 Feet were long and curved

 The Dating Game
 In 1972 KNM-ER 1470 fossil found
 Volcanic rock above 1470 dated at 2.6 myo

 1470 claimed to be 2.9 myo

KBS Tuff

 Large brain capacity 800cc

 Modern in appearance
Lucy and the Dating Game

Lucy

A BIG Problem
The Problem and the Solution
Lucy: ape-like 2.9 myo
1470 skull: modern appearance 2.9 myo

Ape-like appearance Modern looking

How Do Evolutionists Solve This?
 Solution
Throw out the potassium/argon
dates and use fossil pig
sequences to re-date Lucy
(3.5 myo)
 Dating Method Accuracy
If the evolutionists do not trust
potassium argon dates, then why
should the public be led to trust them?

Potassium/argon Fossil pig

dates sequences
 Did Lucy Walk Upright?
 1987 Charles Oxnard (Professor of Anatomy and
Human Biology) Computer analysis
 1992 American Journal of Physical Anthropology,
Walked like chimpanzees
 1993 Christine Tardieu, (Anthropologist)
reported, “Its locking mechanism was not
developed.”
 1994 Journal of Human Evolution, A Biochemical
Study of the Hip and Thigh
 Did Lucy Walk Upright?
Richmand and Strait, “Evidence that Humans Evolved from
Knuckle-Walking Ancestor,” Nature, 2000.
“Regardless of the status of Lucy’s knee joint,
new evidence has come forth that Lucy has
the morphology of a knuckle-walker.”
E. Stokstad, “Hominid Ancestors May Have
Knuckle Walked,” Science, 2000.
“I walked over to the cabinet, pulled
out Lucy, and shazam! – she had
the morphology that was classic for
knuckle walkers.”
 Confusion about Lucy
Robert Boyd and Joan Silk, (both professors of
anthropology), How Humans Evolved, 2000, pp. 331-
334.
“Anatomical evidence indicates that A.
afarensis was bipedal…”
…some anthropologists are convinced by
the anatomical evidence that A. afarensis
was not a modern biped.”

Why the confusion?

Why aren’t students told about this?
 Did Lucy Walk Upright?
Stuart Burgess (Ph.D. CEng), Hallmarks of Design,
2002, p. 166.

“There are so many unique features

required for bipedal motion that it is
impossible for a quadruped to gradually
evolve into a biped.”
 10 Unique Characteristics
1. Fine balance
2. Flat face
3. Upright skull
4. Straight back
5. Fully extendable hip joints
6. Angled femur bones
7. Fully extendable knee joints
8. Long legs
9. Arched feet
10. Strong big toes
 Did Lucy Walk Upright?
Dr Spoor, Anatomist and editor of the Journal of
Human Evolution

“Dr Fred Spoor has done CAT scans of the inner

ear region of some of these skulls. These show
that the semi-circular canals, which determine
balance and ability to walk upright, resemble
those of the extant great apes.”
F. Spoor, “Implications of early hominid labyrinthine
morphology for evolution of human bipedal locomotion,”
Nature, June 1994 (reported in Creation, 2003, p. 17.)
 Did Lucy Walk Upright?
Charles Oxnard (professor of anatomy and leading expert
on australopithecine fossils), The Order of Man: A
Biomathematical Anatomy of the Primates, 1984, p. 332.

“The australopithecines known over the last

several decades … are now irrevocably
removed from a place in the evolution of
human bipedalism,…
All this should make us wonder about the
usual presentation of human evolution in
introductory textbooks…”
 Lucy and Chimpanzees
Joseph Weiner, The Natural History of Man, 1971,
pp. 45-46.
“The first impression given by all the skulls for the
different populations of Australopithecines is of a
distinctly ape-like creature…
The ape-like profile of Australopithecus is so
pronounced that its outline can be superimposed
on that of a female chimpanzee with a remarkable
closeness of fit.”
 Conclusion on Lucy
William Fix, The Bone Peddlers, 1984, p. xxii.

“Lucy seemed to be more of a promotion to

convince the public that Johanson’s fossils
were more important than Richard Leakey’s
rather than an attempt to present an
evenhanded assessment of current
paleoanthropology.”
How Evolution Hinders
Critical Thinking
 Australopithecine Anatomy
Richard Milton, Shattering the Myths of
Darwinism, 1997, p. 207.

“… anatomists Jack Stern and Randall

Susman,… described Lucy’s hands
and feet as being long and curved,
typical of a tree-dwelling ape.”
 Australopithecine Anatomy
David Menton, Ph.D. Cell Biology, Biomedical
research technician at Mayo, and 34 years Professor
of Human Anatomy

“Menton cites evolutionary sources which

show that creatures in this species had
hands and feet which were 'not at all like
human hands and feet; rather, they have long
curved fingers and toes'—even more so than
apes today that live mostly in the trees.”
Creation ex nihilo, Dec 1996, p. 52.
Lucy: What Nice Feet You Have
Drawing from Life:
The Science of
Biology, Purves,
Orians, and Heller,
1992, p. 604.

St Louis zoo replica of Lucy

Apes and Humans – a Test

Human

Which footprint is human?

 Laetoli Footprints
Footprints discovered in 1978 in Laetoli,
Tanzania. The footprints were dated at 3.5
million years old.

Who made these

footprints?
Ape and Human Footprints

Human Ape Laetoli footprint

(Lucy)
Footprints and Real Evidence
Tim White, “Evolutionary Implications of Pliocene Hominid
Footprints,” Science, April 1989, p. 175.

“The uneroded footprints show a total

morphological pattern like seen in modern
humans.”
Footprints and Real Evidence
Russell Tuttle, “The Pattern of Little Feet,” American
Journal of Physical Anthropology, Feb 1989, p. 316.
“Indistinguishable from those of
habitually barefoot Homo sapiens.”
 Laetoli Footprints
Donald Johanson and Maitland Edey, Lucy: The
Beginnings of Humankind, 1981, p. 250.
“There is a well-shaped modern heel with a
strong arch and a good ball of the foot in front
of it. The big toe is straight in line. It doesn’t
stick out to the side like an ape toe,…”

Straight big toe

Strong arch Heel – toe
movement
 Time: The Holy Grail
Ignoring the Evidence
Robert Boyd (professor of anthropology) and
Joan Silk (professor of anthropology),
How Humans Evolved, 2000, p. 334.
“Who made these footprints? A. afarensis is
the likely suspect because this is the only
hominid whose remains have been found at
Laetoli, and A. afarensis is the only known
hominid to have lived in East Africa at the
time the tracks were made.”
 The Evolution Solution
Russell Tuttle, “The Pitted Pattern of Laetoli Feet,”
Natural History, Mar 1990, p. 64.

“In sum, the 3.5-million-year-old footprint

trails at Laetoli site G resemble those of
habitually unshod modern humans.
None of their features suggest that the
Laetoli hominids were less capable bipeds
than we are.”

What about the education system?

Textbooks Promoting Bad Science
Biology: Visualizing Life, Holt, Rinehart, and
Winston, 1998, p. 221.

“Another important find was the footprints of

a group of bipedal animals…
They reveal small but very humanlike feet,
lacking the ape’s opposable toe. Our
ancestors or very close relatives were
walking upright only 1.5 million years after
diverging from the chimpanzee line.”
Textbooks Promoting Bad Science
Biology: Principles and Explorations, Holt,
Rinehart, and Winston, 2001, p. 307.

“Lucy’s leg bones indicate that she

must have walked upright. She stood
about 1 m (3 ft) tall.”
Textbooks Promoting Bad Science
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 2000, p. 404.

“Some 3.7 million years ago, several bipedal

(upright-walking) human animals of the
species Australopithecus afarensis left
footprints in damp volcanic ash in what is
now Tanzania in East Africa.”
Anatomy of Australopithecines
David Catchpoole, Ph.D., “New evidence: Lucy was
a knuckle-walker”,
www.answersingenesis.org/docs2/4256news5-5-2000.asp

“A serious reconstruction error is to wrongly

align Lucy’s big toe alongside the smaller
toes, like a human foot. …
anatomist Dr Charles Oxnard has shown
that the big toe actually sticks out as in
chimpanzees.”
Evolution Rejects the Evidence
“Professor Betsy Schumann, evolutionist
expert, admits that the statue's feet
‘probably are not accurate’, but when asked
whether the statue should be changed, she
says, ‘Absolutely not’.”
Creation ex nihilo, Dec 1996, p.52.

In other words, it doesn't matter if people get

indoctrinated into evolution by wrong evidence
 Conclusion on Bipedalism
F. Spoor, B. Wood and F. Zonneveld, Implications of
early hominid morphology for evolution of human
bipedal locomotion, Nature 369(6482):645–648, 1994.
Cat Scans of the inner ear canals (reflecting
posture and balance) of 53 humans, over 20
apes, fossil humans (early Homo), and
Australopithecines by anatomist Dr Fred
Spoor and his colleagues at University
College, London, showed they did not walk
habitually upright.
Why is this information not in textbooks?
Knee Joint of A. afarensis
15° carrying
angle (valgus)
Human = 9°
Gorilla = 0°
Chimp = 0°

Orangutan = 9°
Spider monkey = 9°
Chimp vs. Human Pelvis

Chimp

Human
 Lucy’s Pelvis
J. Stern & R. Sussman, American Journal of
Physical Anthropology, 1983, pp. 291 & 292.

“The fact that the anterior portion of the iliac

blade faces laterally in humans but not in
chimpanzees is obvious. The marked
resemblance of AL 288-1 (Lucy) to the
chimpanzee is equally obvious…
It suggests to us that the mechanism of
lateral pelvic balance during bipedalism was
closer to that in apes than in humans.”
 Lucy’s pelvis is “wrong”
because it is very ape-like

PBS Nova Series; In Search of Human Origins

episode one 1994 (Dr. Owen Lovejoy)
 A Question

How accurate are the casts and

pictures in the textbooks and
museums?
 Textbooks and Accuracy
Eye socket 2 3 Flatter face

Teeth 1
Biology: The Web of Life, 1993
 Evolution and Objectivity
Philip Johnson, Darwinism on Trial, 1991, p. 84.
(Graduate of Harvard U., Law Professor at U. of
Berkeley)

“The Darwinist approach has consistently

been to find some supporting fossil
evidence, claim it as proof for ‘evolution,’
and then ignore all the difficulties.”
 Evolution and Censorship
Jonathan Sarfati (Ph.D. Physical Chemistry),
Refuting Evolution, 2002, p. 198.
“…It is evident that the evolutionists fear the
increasing spread of creationist information,
despite their best efforts at censorship.
So they are desperate to counteract this
information. But their efforts don’t withstand
scientific scrutiny,…”
 Science and Evolution
In order to be a credible model all the
evidence must be examined. This has not
be done. Why?
Why

Perhaps to promote evolution

rather than real science
 Evolution and Change
1. A beneficial mutation occurs
2. Natural selection selects this mutation
over any existing genes or other
detrimental mutations that code for this
function
3. The mutation is inherited by offspring

KEY: This process must add

New Information
 Natural Selection
Genetic Variation
 Ability
to adapt to the environment
 Survival of the fittest

Can natural selection cause one kind

(species) to become a new kind?

Natural selection ONLY works with

existing information
 Natural Selection
Elmer Noble, Ph.D. Zoology,
Glenn Nobel, Ph.D. Biology,
Gerhard Schad, Ph.D. Biology,
Austin MacInnes, Ph.D. Biology,
Parasitology: The Biology of Animal Parasites, 1989, p. 516.

“Natural selection can act only on those

biological properties that already exist; it
cannot create properties in order to meet
adaptational needs.”
 Natural Selection
Franklin M. Harold (Professor of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Colorado State
University), The Way of the Cell, 2001, p. 204.

“Selection is for the here and now; it

has no foresight, and cannot anticipate
what functions may be useful in the
future.”
 Natural Selection
Robert Boyd (professor of anthropology) and
Joan Silk (professor of anthropology),
How Humans Evolved, 2000, p. 334.

“Mutation introduces new, usually

deleterious, variants, and natural
selection removes these variants.”
Natural Selection and Mutations

If evolution is true
Mutations and disorders

Natural selection
should eliminate
harmful disorders

Time
Natural Selection and Mutations
12000
Mendelian
10000 Inheritance in Man
encyclopedia of human
MIM Entries

8000 genes and disorders

6000

4000

2000
Observed data

0
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1999
 Natural Selection
Neil Broom, How Blind Is the Watchmaker, 2001,
p. 165. (Ph.D. Chemical and Materials
Engineering)

“I would therefore argue that the very

concept of natural selection as defined
by the neo-Darwinist is fundamentally
flawed….”
 Human Variation
 Watusi

 Pygmy

 Dwarfism

 Basketballplayers
Billy Barty Shaquille
 Eskimo (Inuit)
3-foot-9 O’neal
7-foot -1
This is an example of genetic variation
and natural selection and NOT evolution
 Mutation

Detrimental Neutral Beneficial

Disease No change Add No

information
Yes
No No Change
evolution evolution morphology
yes No
Evolution No
possible evolution
 Mutations and Evolution
Jonathan Wells, Ph.D. Molecular Biology

“But there is no evidence that DNA

mutations can provide the sorts of variation
needed for evolution…
There is no evidence for beneficial
mutations at the level of macroevolution, but
there is also no evidence at the level of what
is commonly regarded as microevolution.”
 Mutations and Evolution
Maxim D. Frank-Kamenetski, Unraveling DNA, 1997, p. 72.
(Professor at Brown U. Center for Advanced Biotechnology
and Biomedical Engineering)
“Mutations are rare phenomena, and a
simultaneous change of even two amino acid
residues in one protein is totally unlikely. …
One could think, for instance, that by constantly
changing amino acids one by one, it will eventually
be possible to change the entire sequence
substantially…

continued
These minor changes, however, are bound
to eventually result in a situation in which
the enzyme has ceased to perform its
previous function but has not yet begun its
‘new duties’. It is at this point it will be
destroyed – along with the organism
carrying it.”
 Mutations and Evolution
Lee Spetner (Ph.D. Physics – MIT, taught
information and communications at Johns Hopkins
University), Not By Chance, 1997, pp. 131, 138.

“But in all the reading I’ve done in the

life-sciences literature, I’ve never found
a mutation that added information…
All point mutations that have been
studied on the molecular level turn out
to reduce the genetic information and
not increase it.”
 Mutations and Evolution
Ernst Chain (Biochemist and Nobel Prize winner),
Responsibility and the Scientist in Modern Western Society,
London: Council of Christians and Jews, 1970, p.25.

“…that the development and survival of

the fittest is entirely a consequence of
chance mutations, or even that nature
carries out experiments by trial and
error through mutations in order to
create living systems better fitted to
survive, seems to be a hypothesis
based on no evidence….”
 Mutations and Evolution
Ray Bohlin, (Ph.D. in molecular and cell biology),
Creation, Evolution, and Modern Science, 2000, p. 41.

“We see the apparent inability of mutations

truly to contribute to the origin of new
structures. The theory of gene duplication in
its present form is unable to account for the
origin of new genetic information – a must
for any theory of evolutionary mechanism.”
 Mutations
Kurt Wise (Ph.D. Paleontology), Faith, Form,
and Time, 2002, p. 163.
“Of carefully studied mutations, most have been
found to be harmful to organisms,…
Mutations that are actually beneficial are
extraordinarily rare and involve insignificant
changes. Mutations seem to be much more
degenerative than constructive,…
Additionally, the number of mutations in organisms
seems closer to the number that might be
generated in thousands rather than billions of
years of life history.”
 Statement of Scientific Dissent from
Darwinism
Signed by over 100 scientists
www.ReviewEvolution.com

“We are skeptical of claims for the

ability of random mutation and natural
selection to account for the complexity
of life. Careful examination of the
evidence for Darwinian theory should be
encouraged.”
Information: The Key to Change
Werner Gitt, In the Beginning was Information, 1997,
p. 106. (Dr. Gitt was the Director at the German
Federal Institute of Physics and Technology)

“There is no known law of nature, no known

process and no known sequence of events
which can cause information to originate by
itself in matter.”
 Summary
 History of mistakes
 Neandertals were 100% human
 Lucy and the australopithecines are
extinct chimpanzee-like creatures
 Deliberate misinformation in textbooks
(Laetoli footprints)
 No mechanism for change
 A desperate attempt to censor information
to protect evolution
What is evolution?
 Summary
Stuart Kauffman (A leading thinker on self-
organization and the science of complexity as
applied to biology), At Home in the Universe,
1995, p. 43.

“Evolution is filled with these just-so

stories, plausible scenarios for which
no evidence can be found, stories we
love to tell but on which we should
place no intellectual reliance.”
 The Majesty of God
Richard Swenson, M.D., More Than Meets
the Eye, 2000, p. 17.

“As a scientist with training in both

medicine and physics, it is easily apparent
to me that the majesty of God is revealed in
the human body.”
 Summary
If the evolution of humans from an ape-like
ancestor is true there should be two proof
evidences:

1. Fossil record …………… No intermediates

2. Mechanism for change .. No mechanism
 Conclusion
Giuseppe Sermonti, Ph.D. Genetics, Creation ex
nihilo, 1993, p. 13.

“Many schools proclaim as a matter without any

doubt that man has derived from the African apes….
This is a falsehood which any honest scientist should
protest against. It is not balanced teaching. That
which science has never demonstrated should be
erased from any textbook and from our minds and
remembered only as a joke in bad taste.
One should also teach people how many hoaxes
have been plotted to support the theory of the simian
(ape) origins of man.”
Astronomy: In the beginning God created
Biology: Created after their kind
Anthropology: Made in the image and likeness
of God
Geology: And behold, I, even I, do bring a
flood of waters upon the earth
Six New DVDs
The Origin of Life
Equipping Course
 A Training Guide on Understanding the
Biblical Doctrine of Creation
 Isevolution compatible
with the Bible?
 Does the Bible say how
God created?
 Is Genesis true history
or just a story?
 How long were the
days of creation?
The Origin of Humans
Mike Riddle
Institute for Creation Research

Web Sites
www.icr.org
www.Train2Equip.com
www.answersingenesis.org