Plants and

Animal Organ
System and their
Functions

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 Dear Father,
Give me added peace, subtract
anything to me that is not pleasing
to you, take my gift to the next
power and divide the sea for me to
walk into your promise. Amen.
 TODAY’s TARGET:

1.Distinguish plant cell from

animal cell
2.Differentiate between structure
and function in plant and animal

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
1.Verbal-Linguistic
Intelligences
2.Logical intelligences

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY

What have you inferred

based on the video that
has been presented to
you?
 CELL BIOLOGY
It is also known as
CYTOLOGY which is the
study of cell structure and
functions, and it reveolves
around the concpet that the
cell is the fundamental unit
of life.

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 CELL: The Basic Unit of Life

- The cell was first dicovered and named by

ROBERT HOOKE in 1665.
- He said said that it looked similar to cellula or
small rooms which monks inhabited, thus
deriving the name.
- Hooke actually saw a dead cell walls of plant
cells as they appeared under the microscope.
- ANTON VAN LEEWENHOEK was the first
man to witness a live cell under a microscope.
ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY THEORY
DEVELOPME
NT
THEODOR SCHWANN discovered the
ANIMAL CELL

MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN discovered the

PLANT CELL.

It became possible to maintain, grow and

manipulate cells outside of living organisms.

The first continuous cultured cell ine in 1950’s by

GEORGE OTTO GREY and his co-workers was
derived from the cervical cancer cells
HENRIETTA LACKS who died cancer in the
ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY

HISTORY OF CELL BIOLOGY

The term “cell” was first
introduced by an English
scientist, Robert Hooke, in
1667. He used one of the earliest
microscopes to examine thin
slices of cork from the bark of a
tree
Hooked saw closely-packed
little boxes with thick walls –
“cells” just like the cells in In fact, Hooke only saw the
honeycombs or prison walls of dead plant cell.
 HISTORY OF CELL BIOLOGY

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 CELLS
These are the building block
of life. They are the
simplest units that exhibit a
characteristics.

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 CELL THEORY
-It is one of the basic principles of
biology

PRINCIPLES of CELL THEORY

1. Cell is the basic unit of structure and
organization in organisms.
2. All living organisms are composed of cells.
3. Cell arise from pre-existing cells.

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 CELL THEORY
Theodor Schwann Matthias Schleiden

All animals are made up of cells All plants are made up of cells

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 CELL THEORY
“Cell arise from pre-existing cells”
Rudolf Virchow

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

- CELL is the basic unit of life

- PROTOPLASM –”proto” means
first, and “plasm” means form. It is
made of three parts namely : Cell
Membrane, Nucleus and Cytoplasm

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

CELL MEMBRANE
- Also known as PLASMA
MEMBRANE
- Surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell.
- A semi-permeable: allows only
some substances to pass through it.
- It controls substances entering or
leaving cell.
ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

CELL MEMBRANE

- “gatekeeper of the cell”

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 PARTS OF THE CELL

NUCLEUS
- Also known as the “control center of
the cell”
- Controls the activities such as cell
growth and the repair of worn-out
part and cell division.
- Contains DNA
- Surrounded by double-layer
membrane
ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

PARTS OF THE NUCLEUS

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
- It is a double-layer membrane which
separates the contents of the nucleus
from the rest of the cytoplasm

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

PARTS OF THE NUCLEUS

NUCLEOPLASM
- It is the dense material within the
nucleus

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 PARTS OF THE CELL

PARTS OF THE NUCLEUS

NUCLEOLUS
- It is the largest structure in the nucleus of
eukaryotic cells.
- It is the best known as the site of site of
ribosome biogenesis for protein synthesis.

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

PARTS OF THE NUCLEUS

CHROMATIN
- It is a complex of DNA and proteins called
“histones” that forms chromosomes within
the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

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 PARTS OF THE CELL

PARTS OF THE NUCLEUS

NUCLEAR PORE
- It is the channel in the nuclear envelope that
regulates the transport of molecules between
the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

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 PARTS OF THE CELL

CYTOPLASM
- It is the part of the protoplasm
between the cell surface membrane
and the nucleus.
- It is the combination of jelly-like
substance called “cytosol” and the
organelles.
ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

ORGANELLES

- These parts are embedded within the

cytoplasm (such as cell wall, ER, Mitochondrion,
vacuole, centrioles, peroxisomes, chloroplast, golgi apparatus and
lysosomes)
- These are enclosed by their own
membrane

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

CELL WALL

- It is a rigid organelle wherein it

provides support, protection and
shape of the cell.
- It is ONLY present in plants, fungi
and bacteria.

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

CELL WALL

STRUCTURE

TYPE Plant Fungi Bacteria

COMPONENT Cellulose Chitin Peptidoglycan

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
- It is also known as “highway system”
of the cell.
- A network of membranous tubules
within the cytoplasm, continuous
with the nuclear membrane.

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 PARTS OF THE CELL

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

ROUGH ER
- It is called rough because it has
ribosomes attached to its surface.
- Function:PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

SMOOTH ER
- It is NOT associated with
ribosomes.
- Function: LIPID SYNTHESIS

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

MITOCHONDRION
- It is also known as “powerhouse” of the
cell.
- These are sausage-shape organelles that is
considered the power generators of the
cell, converting oxygen and nutrients into
adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
- ATP is the energy of the cell.

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

PARTS of MITOCHONDRION
CRISTAE
- it is the infoldings of the inner
membrane
MATRIX
- it is the liquid inside the mitochondrion

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

VACUOLES
- Also known as “storage tank” of the cell.
- It is a space within a cell that is empty of cytoplasm,
lined with a membrane and filled with fluid.
- Function: storage of food, water and wastes.

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 PARTS OF THE CELL

CENTRIOLES
- These are minute cylindrical organelles
near the nucleus in animal cells,
occurring in pair and involved in the
development of spindle fibers in cell
division.

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

PEROXISOMES
- It is small organelle that is present in the
cytoplasm of many cell that contains
enzymes.
- Functions: (A) absorb nutrients that the
cell has acquired: (B) play a part in the
way organisms digest alcohol (ethanol)

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 PARTS OF THE CELL

LIVER CIRRHOSIS

- It is a liver condition that causes

irreversible scarring on the liver.
- CAUSES are alcohol addiction, viral
infection, obesity.

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 PARTS OF THE CELL

CHLOROPLAST
- These are organelles found in plant
cells and in eukaryotic algae that
conduct photosynthesis.
- It absorbs sunlight and use it in
conjunction with water and carbon
dioxide gas to produce food for the
plant.

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

PARTS of CHLOROPLAST

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

GOLGI APPARATUS
- It is the “post office” of the cell.
- It is a complex of vesicles and folded
membranes within the cytoplasm of
most cells.
- Functions: (a) waste secretion; (b)
intracellular transport

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 PARTS OF THE CELL

GOLGI APPARATUS

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

RIBOSOMES
- It is NOT considered as an organelle because it
lacks membrane covering.
- It is a complex molecular machine, found with all
living cells, that serves as the site of protein
synthesis.
- It can be found in all types of cells and can be
located in Cytoplasm and Rough ER

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
 PARTS OF THE CELL

CYTOSKELETON
- Also known as “framework” of the
cell
- These structures give the cell
shape and help organize the cell’s
parts.
- Also present in ALL types of cell

ORGANISMAL BIOLOGY
Than You! 