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CH 16 Powerpoint

The document introduces methods for solving quadratic equations beyond factoring. It discusses the square root property, completing the square technique, and the quadratic formula. It provides examples of solving quadratic equations using each of these methods and discusses how to determine the number and type of solutions based on the discriminant.

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Rami Assaf
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53 views

CH 16 Powerpoint

The document introduces methods for solving quadratic equations beyond factoring. It discusses the square root property, completing the square technique, and the quadratic formula. It provides examples of solving quadratic equations using each of these methods and discusses how to determine the number and type of solutions based on the discriminant.

Uploaded by

Rami Assaf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 16

Quadratic
Equations
§ 16.1

Solving Quadratic
Equations by the Square
Root Property
Square Root Property

We previously have used factoring to solve


quadratic equations.
This chapter will introduce additional methods for
solving quadratic equations.
Square Root Property
If b is a real number and a2 = b, then

a b

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 3


Square Root Property
Example
Solve x2 = 49
x   49  7
Solve 2x2 = 4
x2 = 2
x 2
Solve (y – 3)2 = 4
y  3   4  2
y=32
y = 1 or 5
Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 4
Square Root Property
Example

Solve x2 + 4 = 0
x2 = 4
There is no real solution because the square root
of 4 is not a real number.

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 5


Square Root Property
Example
Solve (x + 2)2 = 25
x  2   25  5
x = 2 ± 5
x = 2 + 5 or x = 2 – 5
x = 3 or x = 7

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 6


Square Root Property
Example

Solve (3x – 17)2 = 28


3x – 17 =  28   2 7
3 x  17  2 7
17  2 7
x
3

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 7


§ 16.2

Solving Quadratic
Equations by Completing
the Square
Completing the Square
In all four of the previous examples, the constant in the
square on the right side, is half the coefficient of the x
term on the left.
Also, the constant on the left is the square of the
constant on the right.
So, to find the constant term of a perfect square
trinomial, we need to take the square of half the
coefficient of the x term in the trinomial (as long as the
coefficient of the x2 term is 1, as in our previous
examples).

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 9


Completing the Square
Example
What constant term should be added to the following
expressions to create a perfect square trinomial?
x2 – 10x
add 52 = 25
x2 + 16x
add 82 = 64
x2 – 7x 2
7 49
add   
2 4
Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 10
Completing the Square
Example

We now look at a method for solving


quadratics that involves a technique called
completing the square.
It involves creating a trinomial that is a perfect
square, setting the factored trinomial equal to a
constant, then using the square root property
from the previous section.

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 11


Completing the Square
Solving a Quadratic Equation by Completing
a Square
1) If the coefficient of x2 is NOT 1, divide both
sides of the equation by the coefficient.
2) Isolate all variable terms on one side of the
equation.
3) Complete the square (half the coefficient of the
x term squared, added to both sides of the
equation).
4) Factor the resulting trinomial.
5) Use the square root property.
Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 12
Solving Equations
Example

Solve by completing the square.


y2 + 6y = 8
y2 + 6y + 9 = 8 + 9
(y + 3)2 = 1
y+3=± 1=±1
y = 3 ± 1
y = 4 or 2
Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 13
Solving Equations
Example
Solve by completing the square.
y2 + y – 7 = 0
y2 + y = 7
y2 + y + ¼ = 7 + ¼
29
(y + ½) = 2
4
1 29 29
y  
2 4 2
1 29  1  29
y  
2 2 2
Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 14
Solving Equations
Example
Solve by completing the square.
2x2 + 14x – 1 = 0
2x2 + 14x = 1
x2 + 7x = ½
49 49 51
x2 + 7x + 4 =½ + 4 = 4
7 2 51
(x + ) =
2 4
7 51 51 7 51  7  51
x   x  
2 4 2 2 2 2
Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 15
§ 16.3

Solving Quadratic
Equations by the
Quadratic Formula
The Quadratic Formula

Another technique for solving quadratic


equations is to use the quadratic formula.
The formula is derived from completing the
square of a general quadratic equation.

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 17


The Quadratic Formula

A quadratic equation written in standard


form, ax2 + bx + c = 0, has the solutions.

 b  b  4ac 2
x
2a

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 18


The Quadratic Formula
Example
Solve 11n2 – 9n = 1 by the quadratic formula.
11n2 – 9n – 1 = 0, so
a = 11, b = -9, c = -1

9  (9)  4(11)(1) 9  81  44 9  125


2
n   
2(11) 22 22
95 5
22
Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 19
The Quadratic Formula
Example
1 2 5
Solve 8 x + x – 2 = 0 by the quadratic formula.
x2 + 8x – 20 = 0 (multiply both sides by 8)
a = 1, b = 8, c = 20

 8  (8) 2  4(1)(20)  8  64  80  8  144


x   
2(1) 2 2
 8  12 20 4
 or ,  10 or 2
2 2 2
Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 20
The Quadratic Formula
Example
Solve x(x + 6) = 30 by the quadratic formula.
x2 + 6x + 30 = 0
a = 1, b = 6, c = 30

 6  (6) 2  4(1)(30)  6  36  120  6   84


x  
2(1) 2 2

So there is no real solution.


Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 21
The Discriminant

The expression under the radical sign in the


formula (b2 – 4ac) is called the discriminant.
The discriminant will take on a value that is
positive, 0, or negative.
The value of the discriminant indicates two
distinct real solutions, one real solution, or no
real solutions, respectively.

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 22


The Discriminant
Example
Use the discriminant to determine the number and
type of solutions for the following equation.
5 – 4x + 12x2 = 0
a = 12, b = –4, and c = 5
b2 – 4ac = (–4)2 – 4(12)(5)
= 16 – 240
= –224
There are no real solutions.
Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 23
Solving Quadratic Equations

Steps in Solving Quadratic Equations


1) If the equation is in the form (ax+b)2 = c, use
the square root property to solve.
2) If not solved in step 1, write the equation in
standard form.
3) Try to solve by factoring.
4) If you haven’t solved it yet, use the quadratic
formula.

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 24


Solving Equations
Example
Solve 12x = 4x2 + 4.
0 = 4x2 – 12x + 4
0 = 4(x2 – 3x + 1)
Let a = 1, b = -3, c = 1

3  (3)  4(1)(1) 3  9  4
2
3 5
x  
2(1) 2 2

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 25

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