IT IS APA TIME AGAIN

General Guidelines:
APA is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences
Articles should be typed, double-spaced, with 1” (2.54 CM) margins on all sides
Use 12 pt. Times New Roman font
Include a page header (AKA the “running head”) at the top of every page
Essay should include four main sections: the Title Page, Abstract, Main Body, and References
 Running head: CASE STUDY 1

Title Page Case Study: Parent Communication

Include the title of the paper
Ms. Robbeloth
The author’s name
Arizona State University
The institutional affiliation (Desert
Vista High School)

All pages, including the title page,

should include the “running head”
(CASE STUDY)
 https://www.simplypsychology.org/apa-abstract-example.pdf

Abstract
On the first line of the abstract page,
center the word “Abstract”.

Beginning with the next line, write a

concise summary of the key points of
your research. (Do NOT indent).

Needs to be single paragraph double-

spaces and between 150 to 250 words.
 Citations in Simple Words
 If you are using the words or ideas of someone else in your own written work, then you have to
acknowledge this by writing the author’s name, the year the information was published, and the
page number if you are quoting directly.
 When using APA, follow the author-date method of in-text citation, meaning, the author’s last
name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, for example, (Smith,
1997), and a complete reference should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper
 If you are referring to an idea from another work but NOT directly quoting the material, or
making reference to an entire book, article or other work, you only have to make reference to the
author and year of publication and not the page number in your in-text reference.
 All the sources that are cited in the text must appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.
In-text Citation

Recent research in herbology (Long, 2013) has shown that….

… as shown in its annual report (Ministry of Magic, 2016) …
 If you have used the name of the author within the sentence, take it out of the
parentheses:
In his recent article, Long (2013) found that…
… as the Ministry of Magic’s (2016) annual report showed …
Citing multiple authors:
This important discovery (Weasley & Potter, 1999) was done…
 In-text Citation

 For works with three to five authors, include all names in the first in-text citations but used et
al. for subsequent citations (please see APA 7th edition on this point):
In a ground breaking survey (Bones, Crouch, & Bagman, 1992)…
This survey (Bones et al., 1992)….
 For works with six or more authors, abbreviate to the first author name for all in-text citations:
The research demonstrated something new (Flamel et al., 1992)…
 No date available: If you don’t know the year of publication, you can write n.d. (for “no date”)
The earliest report (Snape, n.d.) showed that…
Reference list:
Snape, S. (n.d.). School report. Hogsmeade: Hogswart Press.
 In-text Citation
 Short quotations are enclosed in quotation marks.
Grubby-Plank (2014, p. 587) asks “Why should grownups get to play all the fun games?”.
 Quotations longer quotations (more than 40 words) are separated from the text. Use
free-standing block of typewritten lines and omit quotation marks
Scamander (2001, p. 35) in discussing the Common Welsh Green states that:

◦ Learning English as an international language has caused its teaching to be very

popular. In Iran, students are taught English from seventh grade until end of high
school so students study English for six years, but people still have problems when they
want to use what they have been taught for general purpose or for specific purpose.
 Note again: We do not use quotation marks around such quoations.
 In-text Citation
 If you quote something directly, or if you paraphrase a specific page of a text, then you
have to mention the page number the quote is from.
…. proved this obscure point definitively (Bagshot, 1986, p. 867).
In a recent study Sinistra (2015, pp. 26-29) argued that… …
 If pagination details are unavailable (i.e. on an eBook), use the chapter, section, and
paragraph numbers…
… which proved this obscure point definitively (Bagshot, 1986, Chapter 8, Section 12,
para. 8).
 In-text Citation: Distinguishing Identical Citations

 If several citations could be mixed up (same surname, same year), distinguish them by
allocating lower case letters in alphabetical order after the publication date.
Her study of the refereeing process (Weasley, 2012a) proved an important point.
However this other case study (Weasley, 2012b) is also interesting…..
Reference list:
Weasley, G. (2012a). The refereeing process in Quidditch. London: Leaky Cauldron Press.
Weasley, G. (2012b). Chudley Cannons vs. Referees of the world: A study. London: Leaky
Cauldron Press.
Her study of the refereeing process (N. Ellis, 2012) proved an important point. However
this other case study (R. Ellis, 2012) is also interesting…..
 In-text Citation: Secondary Reference

 To cite a document cited in another one, use the phrase “as cited in” and
give the page number.
Miller (1953, as cited in Agrios, 2005) found …
… as was found (Miller, 1953, as cited in Agrios, 2005).
Reference list:
Agrios, G.N. (2005). Plant pathology (5th ed.). Elsevier Academic Press.
Referencing a book

 Surname, I. (YEAR). Title of the book. Place of publication: Publisher. DOI or Web
address - if available. (APA 6th ed.)
 Surname, I. (YEAR). Title of the book. Publisher. DOI or Web address - if available.
(APA 7th ed.)
Gambles, I. (2009). Making the business case: Proposals that succeed for projects that
work. Farnham, England: Ashgate. (APA 6th ed.)
Swartz, W. (2019). Descriptive psychology and the person concept: Essential attributes
of persons and behavior. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-00372-5
(APA 7th ed.)
Referencing a book (multiple authors)

 You have to write every authors’ names up to seven.

Black, P., Dippet, A., Derwent, D., & Everard, P. (1978). Headmasters’ secrets. London:
Flourish & Blotts.
 If you have more than seven authors, use an ellipsis between the 6th and the last
names.
Malfoy, D., Malfoy, L., Rookwood, A., Carrow, A., Macnair, W., Lestrange, R. … Dolohov,
A. (2015). Death Eaters: Real life tales of darker times. London: Flourish & Blotts.
Exercises
A book published in 1991 in Oxford written by Professor John Sinclair. The title of the
book is: Corpus, concordance and collocation and the publisher was Oxford University
Press, in London.

A book by Lyle Bachman and Adrian Palmer written in 1996. The title is: Language
testing in practice. It is published by Oxford University Press in Oxford.

 What is wrong with this book reference?:

Hamp-Lyons, L. & Heasley, B. (1987). Study writing. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.
Referencing a Book with Editors or a later Edition

 If the book has an editor, use her name + (Ed.) or (Eds.) for plural instead of the author.
Bogrod, G. (Ed.). (1994). International wzarding banking strategies. London: Gringotts
Press.
Figg, A., & Filch, A. (Eds.). (2003). They should have been wizards: a history of forgotten
squibs. Hogsmeade: Scrivenschaft’s.
 If this is not a first edition, add the edition number.
Bagshot, B. (1937). A History of magic (3rd ed.). Godric’s Hollow: Godric’s Press.
 For eBooks, mention the DOI or URL you downloaded the eBook from:
Cresswell, D. (1994). Liaising with goblins. Retrieved from
http://www.ministryofmagic.co.uk/BeastsBeingsSpirits/ 54/Goblins/
Referencing a Book: Referencing a Book Chapter

 Surname, I. (YEAR). Title of the chapter. In I. Surname Editor (Ed.) Title of the book
(pp. XX-XX). Town: Publisher.
Weasley, P. (1997). New standards for cauldron thickness. In B. Crouch (Ed.),
International magical cooperation: The basics (pp. 112-117). London: Ministry of
Magic.
A Paper in a collection:
Jalali, E. (1999). Why become a fork-tongued? In J. Updike & K. Kenison (Eds.),
Bilingualism (pp.78-80). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
Exercises
 Are these references correct?:
Prince, E.F. (1981). Towards a taxonomy of given-new information. In P. Cole
(Editor.), Radical pragmatics (298-345). New York, NY: Academic Press.
Freed, B. F. (1995). What makes us think that students who study abroad become
fluent? In B. F. Freed (ed.), Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad
Context: Studies in Bilingualism (pp. 123-148). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Referencing an Article

Surname, I. (YEAR). Title of the article. Name of the Journal, Volume(Issue), xx-xx (pages
number range).
Dumbledore, A. (1943). Twelve uses of dragon blood. International Journal of
Transfiguration, 135(2), 22-37.
You can also add the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) or URL at the end of the reference.
Horch, E. P., & Zhou, J. (2012). Charge-coupled device speckle observations of binary
stars. Astronomical Journal, 136, 312-322. doi: 10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/312
https://www.doi.org/
10.1515/text-2013-0040
Exercises

Article Title: Truly, Madly, Depp-ly

Author: Frank DeCaro
Journal Title: Advocate
Volume number: 906
Date: January 20, 2004
Pages: 76-77
Referencing a Web Page

 In-text citation:
After landing back on Earth, the crew of Apollo 10 were picked up in the Pacific Ocean
by the USS Princeton (Uri, 2019).
Reference list:
Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title or page title. Retrieved from URL
Uri, J. (2019, June 14). Fifty years ago: Nearly one month to boots in lunar dust.
Retrieved from https://
roundupreads.jsc.nasa.gov/pages.ashx/1184/Fifty%20Years%20Ago%20Nearly%20One
%20Month%20to%20Boots%20in%20Lunar%20Dust
Referencing a Web Page: Details Available
Referencing a Web Article Without Author Details

 If there is no author, start the citation with the title of the article. If the page is likely
to change over time, add a retrieval date.
Title of page/article. (Year, Month Date of publication). Retrieved from URL
Canadian Cancer Society. (2013, October 3). Cancer research. Retrieved May 13, 2013,
from http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-101/cancer-research/?
region=on
Referencing a Web Article
Referencing a Thesis/Dissertation:
(un)published/Print version
 Unpublished thesis/ dissertation: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of dissertation/thesis
(Unpublished doctoral dissertation [OR] Unpublished master's thesis). Academic
Institution, City, State [OR] Country.
Considine, M. (1986). Australian insurance politics in the 1970s: Two case studies.
(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

 Published thesis/ dissertation (from institutional repository): Author, A. A. (Year). Title

of dissertation/thesis (Doctoral dissertation/Master's thesis, Institution issuing degree).
Retrieved from http://www.url.com
Bruckman, A. (1997). MOOSE crossing: Construction, community, and learning in a
networked virtual world for kids (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology). Retrieved from http://www-static.cc.gatech.edu/~asb/thesis
Referencing a Thesis/Dissertation:
(un)published/Print version

 Published thesis/ dissertation (from theses database): Author, A. A. (date). Title of

doctoral dissertation or master's thesis (Doctoral dissertation or Master's
thesis). Available from Name of database. (Accession or Order No.)
Pflieger, J. C. (2009). Adolescents' parent and peer relations and romantic
outcomes in young adulthood (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest
Dissertations & Theses Global database. (UMI No. 3371229)
Conference Paper in Print Proceedings
 Author of Paper, A., & Author of Paper, B. (Year, Month date). Title of paper. In A.
Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor, Title of Published Proceedings. Paper presented at Title of
Conference: Subtitle of Conference, Location (inclusive page numbers). Place of
publication: Publisher.

Wilkinson, R. (1999). Sociology as a marketing feast. In M. Collis, L. Munro, & S. Russell

(Eds.), Sociology for the New Millennium. Paper presented at The Australian
Sociological Association, Monash University, Melbourne, 7-10 December (pp. 281-289).
Churchill, VIC: Celts.
Conference Paper from the Internet
 Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month). Conference paper title.
Paper presented at the Conference Title, Place or Location, Country. Retrieved from
URL

Taylor, J. A. (2006, November). Assessment: A tool for development and engagement in

the first year of university study. Paper presented at the Engaging Students: 9th Pacific
Rim in Higher Education (FYHE) Conference, Griffith, Australia. Retrieved from
http://www.fyhe.com.au/past_papers/2006/Papers/Taylor.pdf
Conference Paper from the Internet
 when DOI is available:
Author of Paper, A., & Author of Paper, B. (Year, Month date). Title of paper. Paper
presented at Title of Conference: Subtitle of Conference(Location held, date, volume,
page range). doi:10.XXX/XXXXX.XX

Balakrishnan, R. (2006, March 25-26). Why aren't we using 3D user interfaces, and will
we ever? Paper presented at the IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces.
doi:10.1109/VR.2006.148
Conference Proceedings

 Editor, A., & Editor, B. (Eds.). (Year). Title of conference: Subtitle of

conference, Location, Date. Place of publication: Name of Publisher.
Bickman, L., & Ellis, H. (Eds.). (1990). Preparing psychologists for the 21st
century: Proceedings of the National Conference on Graduate Education in
Psychology, University of Utah, 1988. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum.
How to Cite an Encyclopedia Entry
 Last, F. M., & Last, F. M. (Year Published). Article title. In Encyclopedia Name. (Vol.#, pp.
Page(s)). City, State: Publisher.
 Author: Jerry Stubben
 Article Title: Native Americans and Government Policy
 Encyclopedia Title: Social Issues in America: An Encyclopedia
 Editor: James Ciment
 City of Publication: Armonk, New York
 Publisher: M.E. Sharpe
 Date: 2006
 Volume: 5
 Pages: 1190-1203
 Number of volumes in set: 8
Exercises: Website

Title of Page: Children’s Alliance: Child Obesity

 Title of Site: Children’s Alliance
 Date of access: use today’s date
 URL (Web address): http://www.childrensalliance.org/childfacts/chi
ldhood-obesity.cfm
Excercises: MAL to APA

King, Martin Luther, Jr. “Letter from Birmingham Jail.” The Norton Anthology
of African American Literature. Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Nellie Y.
McKay. New York: Norton, 1997. 1854 – 66.
Correct Errors (if any)

A major reason families succeeded in the 1950s was that "federal assistance
programs were much more generous and widespread than they are today."
(Coontz, p. 62).

Stephanie Coontz argues that it was the generosity and availability of federal
aid programs that made families seem so successful and reliable in the 1950s.

According to Stephanie Coontz, in the 1950s "federal assistance programs were

much more generous and widespread than they are today" (Coontz, 62).
Correct Errors (if any)

Lynne Cheney is forced to admit that students should learn that even
European explorers were "often brutal (Cheney 267).“

Lynne Cheney concedes that students must be told the errors of our
European past (p. 267).

Even politically conservative scholars admit that we "should not hide from
students that Colombus and other European explorers were often brutal"
(Cheney, 267.)
Useful links
APA Style:
https://aut.ac.nz.libguides.com/APA6th
https://
owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_s
tyle_guide/general_format.html
APA Style: APA 6 & 7 Comparison:
Tableshttps://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/7transition/
comparison
APA 7th edition: The most notable changes
https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/apa-seventh-edition-changes/