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Database Management Systems

A database management system (DBMS) provides centralized control of data with features that allow for data storage, manipulation and querying. It includes facilities like a data definition language to define the database schema, a data manipulation language to insert, modify and delete data, a query language to ask questions of the database, and a report generator to output data. These facilities allow non-technical users to easily access and work with complex database systems.

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45 views17 pages

Database Management Systems

A database management system (DBMS) provides centralized control of data with features that allow for data storage, manipulation and querying. It includes facilities like a data definition language to define the database schema, a data manipulation language to insert, modify and delete data, a query language to ask questions of the database, and a report generator to output data. These facilities allow non-technical users to easily access and work with complex database systems.

Uploaded by

Haidar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Management Systems

• Introduction
• A database is a collection of related
information stored so that it is available to many
users for different purposes. A computer
database gives us some electronic filing system
which has a large number of ways of cross-
referencing and this allows the user many
different ways in which to reorganize and retrieve
data.
Database Management Systems
• A database can handle business inventory,
accounting and filing and use the information in its
files to prepare summaries, estimates and other
reports. There can be a database which stores
newspaper articles, magazines, books and comics.
• MEDLINE is a well-known database service
providing medical information for doctors. The
management of database system is done by means
of a general purpose software package, called a
database management system.
Database Management Systems
• The database management system is the major software component of a
database system. Most database management systems have the following
facilities/capabilities:

a) Creation of a file, addition to data, modification of data; creation and


deletion of entire files.

b) Retrieving data collectively, or selectively.

c) The data stored can be sorted or indexed at the user’s discretion and
direction.
d) Various reports can be produced from the system. These may be either
standardized reports or specifically generated according to specific user
definition
Objectives of a Database
• An organization must have accurate data and
information for effective decision making. All
organizations need to collect, store and process
data for their functions.
• The database is used to store and process data
for providing useful information to the
organization. The database must have the
following basic objectives:
Objectives of a Database
1. Centrally Controlled:
A database must be centrally controlled. It is possible that the
data of a particular system may be spread in different
branches of a company, but it must be controlled from one
central location.

2. Logically Organized:
The database must be organized in a logical manner.
For example, If the user wants to see the name of person
whose basic salary is greater than ` 5000 and is working
in “HR” Dept., the database must be organized in that logical
order so that the data can be accessed faster.
Objectives of a Database
3.Integrity
Integrity means your data is authentic and
consistent. DBMS has various validity checks that
make your data completely accurate and
consistence.
4.Platform Independent
One can run DBMS at any platform. No particular
platform is required to work on database
management system.
Objectives of a Database

5.Removes Duplicity
• If you have lots of data then data duplicity will
occur for sure at any instance. DBMS guarantee
it that there will be no data duplicity among all
the records. While storing new records, DBMS
makes sure that same data was not inserted
before.
Components of DBMS
• DBMS can be divided into the following
components:

• Database Administrator (DBA):

• Database users:

• Database Programmes:
Components of DBMS
• Database Administrator (DBA):
• Database administrators (DBAs) use specialized
software to store and organize data.
The role may include capacity planning,
installation, configuration, database design,
migration, performance monitoring, security,
troubleshooting, as well as backup and data
recovery.
Components of DBMS
• Database users:
The people who use the database system, by entering the
data and retrieving the information are called the users.
• Database Programmes:
The set of instructions given to the database system to
perform the logical operations on data are also the
important components of a DBMS. These sets of
instructions are called programmes.
These instructions are given to interact among the
different elements of the database. These instructions
generally comprise a set of rules and relationships.
Advantages of a DBMS
• The database management system is essential for
computerized management. The major objectives and
advantages of a DBMS are summarized below:
• Provide the way for storage of data and information.
• Provide centralized control and an easy access to the
data.
• Provide the way for tackling simple and complex queries
on a database.
• Maintain security and privacy of data.
• Provide access to multiple users.
• Provide an integrated and shared system.
Disadvantages of a DBMS
• A DBMS has certain disadvantages too, which are
summarized below:
• Costly due to requirements of expensive hardware and
higher operating costs.
• Greater complexity of backup and recovery in multiuser
environments.
• High risk of data loss, due to centralization of the
database.
• Despite these disadvantages, today, a DBMS has
become an essential system of data Management for all
organizations.
Database Management System Facilities

• Database management systems enable people


to easily access complex file systems. Most
people are able to use a database management
without knowing its underlying structure.
• This ease, of course, is made possible by the
four components of DBMS software: data
definition language, data manipulation language,
query language and report generator.
Database Management System Facilities

1. Data Definition Language


• Database management systems provide a
facility, known as the data definition language
(DDL), which can be used to define the
conceptual schema(a diagram, plan, or scheme)
and also give some details about how to
implement this schema in physical devices used
to store the data.
Database Management System Facilities

2. Data Manipulation Language (DHL)


• This is a language that enables users to access
or manipulate as organized appropriate data
model. Data manipulation involves retrieval of
data from the database, insertion of new data
into the database and deletion or modification
of existing data.
Database Management System Facilities

3. Query Language
This language enables users to ask specific
questions to the database. A marketing vice
president trying to decide which items to sell at a
discount, for example, might ask a database
programme to list all inventory items with a profit
margin greater than 30 percent. The most
popular query language is structured Query
language (SQL).
Database Management System Facilities

4. Report Generator
The report generator helps the user to design
and generate reports and graphs in printed
form. Report headings, column headings, page
numbers and totals are just some of the
features that are easy to include with the
report generator.

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