EXTERIOR WALL

CLADDING

SUBMITTED BY –
HARLEEN KAUR BEDI 2016ARA059
SAHAJPREET KOUR 2016ARA071
 STONE
There are two methods of cladding of stone
- Wet cladding
- Dry cladding

WET CLADDING
Advantages of wet installation method
• It is cheaper
• Requires no onsite drilling
• Eliminates the chances of cracks on wall due to drilling.
• Bonds perfectly from edge to edge leaving no space in between
which makes it look more even.

Disadvantages of wet installation method

• Due to the edge to edge bonding there is no room for later
expansion which could result in buckling of natural stone. Expansion
and contraction joints are always recommended.
• If the bond between the wall and the adhesive/ mortar is not intact
then there are chances that the stone can fall off.
• The stone fixed with mortar may change in colour due to absorption
of water from back mortar layer.
• It is a time consuming procedure.
Here is the step-by-step procedure for the wet installation
method of  natural stone cladding:

Step 1: Calculating the material

• Before starting with the installation procedure you first
need to calculate the area where you want to clad. You can
calculate by simply measuring its length and breadth and
then multiplying it. This would help you get an estimated
amount of material for the cladding.

Step 2: Surface preparation

• This is the most crucial part the whole procedure as it
would ensure the bonding that the adhesive/ mortar will
have the wall because if the bond between the adhesive/
mortar and wall is not intact than the cladding can plunge
off the wall. So the procedure for surface preparation is as
follows-
• Plastered wall to be rough finished for mechanical ponding,
wet cladding can be initiated directly on wall.
• If your wall is painted remove the layer using grinders than
cut grooves into wall using an angle grinder, horizontally as
well as vertically to create keys, for mechanical bonding.
• Hacking of old plaster using a chisel or a hammer to make
the surface.
Step 3: Mixing the mortar
• Marble and natural stone are installed with thin-set mortar mix (2
parts sand to 1 part PPC Cement) mixed only with clean cold water.
Make sure that the colour of your mortar doesn’t affect the natural
stone. Adhesives are also available in market for stone cladding.

Step 4: Installation procedure

• Ensure that the surface is not friable and that all laitance, dust is
removed. Do not wet the surface before cladding commences.
• Mortar mix must be applied to the surface to a minimum bed
thickness of 10mm.
• Spread only enough mortar/adhesive for each individual piece.
Should a thin film (skin) appear on the surface of the adhesive, re-
agitate with trowel before bedded.
• Press the dry Natural stone cladding firmly into wet mortar with a
twisting action. Product must be bedded with the aid of a Rubber
mallet.
• Lift and replace random cladding to ensure that 100% contact is
being achieved between the cladding and mortar (no voids behind
cladding).
• Back buttering of Natural stone cladding is recommended where the
back of the cladding product surface is irregular or when cladding in
awkward locations.
• Remove excess mortar from joints and cladding product before
drying has occurred. The minimum joint width for Natural stone
cladding is 2mm. Please take extra care when you butt joint the
cladding.
• If and when required the cladding can now be grouted – using a
mortar mix (1 parts sand to 1 part PPC Cement, preferably with a
cement modifier chemical to get non-shrink properties). Seal the
joints with the use of a pointing tool depending on the desired
finish.
Advantages of Dry Installation method:
• The dry cladding method is safe and it prevails the stone from falling
off for years.
• This method allow for expansion and contraction of stone in
extreme weather conditions.
• The dry cladding method creates a cleft of around 30 to 45 mm (1”-
1.5”) in between face of the wall and stone covering, providing a
layer of air cushion that acts as a thermal barrier.
• The appearance of stone used in dry cladding work looks spotless
and aesthetically pleasing.
• It is a time saving procedure.

Disadvantages of dry installation method:

• There are chances for the occurrence of cracks on substrate.
• It is an expensive method.
• Requires perfection and alertness because of the following
• If the holes are not drilled properly then it could waste material.
• While drilling one must be alert otherwise it could be harmful for you.
• It requires high skilled labour.

Dry Installation Method of Natural Stone Cladding

• Dry installation method which is also known as mechanical installation
method uses embedded metal anchors and ties for the connection
purpose. The stone required for this method must be thick because the
method requires drilling which could increase the occurrence of cracks.

Step 1: Selection of material

• The brackets must be made of stainless steel. The dimensions of the
Sr. no and their
brackets Typepin
of depends
Width
on its type Thickness Pin diameter
as listed below-
bracket (mm) (mm) (mm)

1. Z-bracket 35-60 3-5 4-6

2. L-bracket 30-50 3-4 2-4
3. Omega 30-60 3-5 4-6
bracket

Step 2: Site preparation

• Clean all the dirt from the surface of the wall.
• If the wall is constructed freshly make sure it is properly dried
up and the surface is not friable so that the pin could be firmly
Step 3: Installation method
• Accurately locate the position of the hole
• You can start either from the left or the right corner of the wall
leaving a minimum gap of 2mm (0.07”)
• Drill a hole of appropriate depth and thickness according to the size
of pin. Standard dimension of hole can be 80mm – 100mm (3” – 4”)
• Insert the expansion bolt into the hole.
• Insert the pin in the angle to match the hole in the cladding stone.
• Place the first natural stone and tighten the bolts and pin properly.
• Leave a clear space of at least 2mm between every 2 natural stone.
• Similarly clad the entire wall.
 ACP CLADDING
The ACP sheet consists of three layers, the centre part
containing of PVC. The sheet is easy to cut and easy to
bend.
Aluminium composite panel (ACP), also aluminium
composite material (ACM), is a type of flat panel that
consists of two thin aluminium sheets bonded to a
non-aluminium core. ACPs are frequently used for
external cladding or facades of buildings, insulation,
and signage.

It consists of 30% HDP(for hardness) and 70% LDP (for

softness).
The sheet is used as partition, furniture and wall paneling.
Thickness of ACP coil – 0.25mm
Sizes – 8’ x 4’, 10’ x 4’, 12’ x 4’
These sheets provide undistinguishable joints.

FIXING TECHNIQUES
• The aluminium tubes (1” x 1.5”) are attached to the wall
on to which the ACP sheets are fixed with the help of
screws (cap screws) or any adhesive material (Allfix).
• The gaps or joints between the sheets are filled with
silicon (GP/waterproof).
PROS
• These  panels also provide structural value because
they have a combined water and air barrier.
• They are durable and offer high load performance.
• Less material is required for construction when these
panels are used.
• The construction process is also easier with
composite panels.
• The composite panels are removable and this makes
it easy for building owners to refurbish at their
convenience. The fact that they are removable also
offers greater design flexibility during construction.
• The panels require very little maintenance to remain
in good condition. A building owner or tenant will
not spend much to keep a building well maintained if
they use composite panels.
CONS
• One of the main drawbacks of composite panels is
cost. This means that while using the panels reduces
construction time and labour costs, they are more
expensive compared to traditional materials. The
high cost limits the number of people who can use
the material.
• The composite panels are prone to dents especially
during harsh weather such as hurricanes and storms.
Certain manufacturers try to reinforce the panels by
including some special materials to make them less
susceptible to damage.
• They offer a great barrier to air and water but if you
are using aluminum composite panels,
waterproofing is necessary to make sure moisture
does not get in.
 TILE CLADDING

The tiles, before applying, are soaked in water.

Sizes – 12” x 18”

12” x 24”
8” x 24”
10” x 30”
8” x 40”
15” x 30”
8” x 30”
FIXING TECHNIQUES
• Tiles used for wall cladding are vitrified.
• The tiles are directly applied in the mortared surface
with the help of white chemical (for UV protection) or
grey chemical.
• At a time the height achieved by cladding is 7’.
• At last the gaps are filled with epoxy.

Glossy or matt finished tiles can also be used for the

purpose. Glossy tiles can either be either doubly
charged (double layer) or digital (single layer).
The tiles can be applied upto the height of 50’ to 100’.

Stones may also cut into various shapes and then used as
cladding. Its size is 8” x 24”.

Tiles in teak look are also applied. The size being 8” x 24”
and cost being Rs 160/sq.ft.
TIMBER
CLADDING
Timber cladding is an increasingly popular choice for
finishing the outside of commercial and domestic
properties. Otherwise known as timber
weatherboarding or timber siding, it is an attractive
and economical way to finish the exterior of both old
and new buildings. Naturally durable woods such as
larch and cedar provide a hard wearing, protective
layer against the elements and they are excellent
insulators. Many different species of wood are
suitable for exterior timber cladding because of their
natural resistance to decay. Imported timbers such
as Canadian western red cedar and Siberian larch are
increasingly being specified for cladding where a
more modern, contemporary appearance is desired.
• Timber cladding can be used in many forms to
achieve a wide variety of pattern, texture and colour
ranging from the use of shingles or shakes through to
prefinished panels. However, the most common form
of timber cladding consists of boards laid vertically,
diagonally or horizontally with either overlapping or
flush faces. If one adds to this the possible variations
in board width, surface finish, profile shape, joint
design, a wide range of colours, as well as the texture
and character of unfinished wood, then the
versatility of timber cladding becomes very apparent.
• The plywood manufactured in India is of standard
sizes and thickness. Though the metric system has
largely been adopted in India, the prevalent practice
in the plywood market is still to manufacture and sell
the boards based on cost per sq.ft.

SPECIFICATION
• The top selling and most commonly manufactured
plywood size in India is 8 feet by 4 feet. Other sizes
such as 8×3, 7×4, 7×3, 6×4 and 6×3 sq .feet are also
manufactured.
• The table below lists the standard plywood sizes in
India in square feet as well as lists the corresponding
value in mm.
• Plywood Size in sq.feet
Corresponding size in mm (millimetres) (rounded up)
•  8′ x 4′
• 2440 x 1220
• 8′ x 3′
• 2440 x 920
• 7′ x 4′
• 2140 x 1220
• 7′ x 3′
• 2140 x 920
• 6′ x 4′
• 1830 x 1220
• 6′ x 3′
• 1830 x 920
• The thickness of plywood sheets is also largely
standardized and measured in mm (millimetres).
• The table below lists the thickness range available
for the various grades of plywood.

Plywood grade (Thickness in mm)

• MR grade (Moisture Resistant)
• 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25 mm
• BWR grade (Boiling Water Resistant)
• 4, 6, 9, 12, 16, 19, 25 mm
• Shuttering plywood
• 6, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25 mm
• Blockboards
• 19, 25 mm
Pros
• Ease of Installation -The relatively lightweight nature of
timber enables quick and effective installation of cladding.
• Durable – Timber cladding can last for several years when it
is properly maintained. It has a high impact resistance that
helps to reduce damage to your home.
• Energy Efficient – Timber has high insulation properties. It’s
low thermal conductivity is much lower than steel and
concrete.
• Acoustics – Your choice of siding can help insulate your
home. There are some materials that allow noise from to
filter right through the walls into the house.

Cons
• Painting – Timber cladding requires regular painting or
staining to preserve its natural beauty and protect it from
the elements.
• Exposure to Elements – Timber is a natural material, and as
such is subject to a loss of quality or damage after being
exposed to the elements for a long time.
• Fire Risk  – Even if timber cladding is painted or sealed, it
still carries a risk of spreading fire, as it is a flammable
material
ACRYLIC
CLADDING
The sheet is 2mm thick.
Toughened acrylic sheet is available in the thickness of 6mm
and 12mm.
Acrylic marble also known as acrylic solid surface. It is
available in the size 2.5’ x 12’. It is used for jali work as it
is easy in cutting and bending.
The application is same as ACP.