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Lesson 14 - Hydraulics

The document discusses hydraulics, providing an overview of hydraulic theory, components of basic hydraulic systems including pumps, cylinders, piping and accumulators, and applications of hydraulics. It explains key hydraulic principles such as Pascal's law and properties of liquids that enable hydraulics to transfer force and gain mechanical advantage. The document also outlines objectives to understand fluid behavior, hydraulic components, advantages and disadvantages, and provides a project to research and model a hydraulic system.

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sengottaiyan
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242 views19 pages

Lesson 14 - Hydraulics

The document discusses hydraulics, providing an overview of hydraulic theory, components of basic hydraulic systems including pumps, cylinders, piping and accumulators, and applications of hydraulics. It explains key hydraulic principles such as Pascal's law and properties of liquids that enable hydraulics to transfer force and gain mechanical advantage. The document also outlines objectives to understand fluid behavior, hydraulic components, advantages and disadvantages, and provides a project to research and model a hydraulic system.

Uploaded by

sengottaiyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hydraulics

Hydraulics

• hy·drau·lics
study of fluids:  the study of water or other
fluids at rest or in motion, especially with
respect to engineering applications
Objectives

• Behavior of liquids & theory of operation


• Basic hydraulic system components
• Advantages & disadvantages of hydraulics
• Project
Introduction/Uses

• Hydraulics used in many applications:


• Steering/control systems (rudder, planes)
• Deck machinery (anchor windlass, capstans,
winches)
• Masts & antennae on submarines
• Weapons systems (loading & launching)
• Other: elevators, presses
Hydraulic Theory

• Hydraulics
• Covers the physical behavior of liquids in motion
• Pressurized oil used to gain mechanical advantage and
perform work
• Important Properties
• Shapelessness
• Incompressibility
• Transmission of Force
Important Properties

• “Shapelessness”
• Liquids have no neutral form
• Conform to shape of container
• Easily transferred through piping from one
location to another
• Incompressibility
• Liquids are essentially incompressible
• Once force is removed, liquid returns to original
volume (no permanent distortion)
• Transmission of Force
• Force is transmitted equally & undiminished
in every direction -> vessel filled with pressure
Hydraulic Theory

• Pascal’s Law
• Magnitude of force transferred is in direct
proportion to the surface area (F = P*A)
• Pressure = Force/Area
• Liquid properties enable large objects (rudder,
planes, etc) to be moved smoothly
Hydraulic Mechanical Advantage
F2 =

A 1 = 2 0 in 2

F1 = 2 0 lbf

A 1 = 2 in 2
Basic Hydraulic System

• Hydraulic Fluid
• Usually oil (2190 TEP)
• Pressure Source
• Hydraulic pump (A-end of system)
• Pressure user
• Hydraulic motor (B-end of system)
• Piping system (w/ valves, tanks, etc)
• Get fluid from A-end to B-end
Hydraulic Pump (A-End)

• Pumps can be positive displacement or centrifugal

Waterbury pump
•

•Variable-stroke piston pump


•Tilting box can tilt fwd/aft while

pump rotates
•Angle of tilting box determines

capacity and direction of oil flow


Hydraulic Pump (A-End)

•Variable-stroke piston pump


•Tilting box can tilt fwd/aft while pump rotates

•Angle of tilting box determines capacity and dir. of flow


Cylinder/Motor (B-end)

• Piston/cylinder used if desired motion is linear


• Hydraulic pressure moves piston & ram
• Load is connected to ram (rudder, planes, masts,
periscopes)

Piston Cylinder RAM

Seal

Hydraulic Fluid Supply/Return Ports


Cylinder/Motor (B-end)

• Motor used if desired


motion is rotary
• Essentially a variable-stroke
pump in reverse
• Used for capstan, anchor
windlass, etc
Piping System
• Has to withstand excessive pressure
• Valves, filters, & HX’s all necessary
• Accumulators
• Holds system under pressure (w/out contin. pump)
• Provides hydraulics when pump off/lost
• Compensates for leakage/makeup volume
• Types: piston, bladder, & direct contact
Accumulator Types

• Piston
• Most common
• Bladder
• Gun mounts
• Steering
systems
• Direct contact
• Least common
Advantages

• Convenient power transfer


• Few moving parts
• Low losses over long distances
• Little wear
• Flexibility
• Distribute force in multiple directions
• Safe and reliable for many uses
• Can be stored under pressure for long periods
• Variable speed control
• Quick response (linear and rotary)
Disadvantages

• Requires positive confinement (to give shape)


• Fire/explosive hazard if leaks or ruptures
• Filtration critical - must be free of debris
• Manpower intensive to clean up
Hydraulics

Hydraulics Video

Hydraulic Circuit
Project

• Research different applications of a hydraulic


system.
• Take that system image place it in word. Write
a description on how the system flows and
functions.
• Find dimension for that system and recreate it
in pro-engineering.
• You’ll need part, files assembly files, rending,
and animation of the system working.

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