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 Understanding Digestive
System

Food digestion is the purpose of converting food of large size into smaller size
and smoother, and break down complex food molecules into simpler molecules
by using enzyme and digestive organs. This enzyme is produced by the
digestive organs and type depend on the food that will be digested by the body.
PART OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Injesti
Injesti

Mechanical
Mechanical digestion
digestion

Chemical
Chemical digestion
digestion

Absorption
Absorption

Defecation
Defecation or
or Purge
Purge
 Organ
Organ Participate
Participate In
In The
The Digestive
Digestive
System
System

1. Digestive tract
The digestive tract is a continuous channel in the form of a tube
surrounded by muscles. Digestion system humans have in general a
process that initially after the food is chewed and swallowed. it should be
about 5-10 seconds to pass through the esophagus and into the stomach,
which spend 2-6 hours to digest the majority Final digestion and nutrient
absorption occur in the small intestine for a period of 5-6 hours.

2. Additional digestive organs (accessories)

This additional digestive organs function to assist in performing its
digestive tract Teeth and tongue contained in the oral cavity. gall bladder
and digestive glands will be linked to the digestive tract through a
channel
 PART OF ADDITIONAL
DIGESTIVE ORGANS
(ACCESSORIES)

a. Mouth
The process of digestion begins from the food into the mouth. In the mouth there are tools
that help in the digestion process, namely the teeth, tongue andsalivary gland (saliva). In
the mouth, the food experience in mechanical and chemical digestion. Some organs in the
mouth, namely:
1) Tooth
Teeth serve to chew food so the food becomes smooth. This situation allows the digestive
enzymes to digest food more quickly and efficiently.
 PART OF ADDITIONAL
DIGESTIVE ORGANS
(ACCESSORIES)

2. Tongue
The tongue is a mass of striated muscle covered by mucous membrane of muscle fibers
intersect each other in the 3 areas, grouped in bundles, usually separated by connective
tissue. Papillae tongue protrusions are oral epithelium and lamina propria allegedly
different shapes and functions. There are 4 types of papillae : Papillae filiformis, Papillae
fungiform, Papillae circumambulate
3. Salivary gland
Saliva or salivary glands produce saliva (saliva). The salivary glands in the mouth there are
three pairs, namely:
a) Parotid glands, located under the car.
b) Submandibular gland, located in the lower jaw.
c) Sublin gland, located under the tongue The layout of the salivary glands in the mouth
can be seen in the following figure.
 PART OF ADDITIONAL
DIGESTIVE ORGANS
(ACCESSORIES)

b. Pharynx
The pharynx is the transition space between the oral cavity and respiratory and digestive
systems. He established a relationship between the area of the nose and larynx.
c. Esophagus
Gullet (esophagus) is a conduit between the mouth to the stomach. The esophagus serves
as a way for the chewed food from the mouth to the stomach Thus, the esophagus does not
happen digestive process 

d. Side
Gastric (ventricle) is the big bag which is located on the left side of the abdominal cavity
as the site of a number of digestive process. Hull consists of three parts, namely the upper
(cardiac), the center of the rounded (fundus), and bottom (pylorus).
 PART OF ADDITIONAL
DIGESTIVE ORGANS
(ACCESSORIES)

e. Small intestine
Small bowel (intestine) is the absorption of nutrients and the scene of the most long
digestive process. The small intestine is composed of.
1) Duodenum (duodenal)
2) Jejunum (jejenum)
3) Absorbent intestine (ileum)
 PART OF ADDITIONAL
DIGESTIVE ORGANS
(ACCESSORIES)

f. Colon
Food that is not digested in the small intestine, such as cellulose, together with mucus will go
to the colon into the stool. In the large intestine are Escherichia coli. These bacteria help in
the process of decay of the remaining food into feces. In addition to decompose the leftovers,
the E. coli bacteria also produce vitamin K.
g. Anus
A pit disposal of faeces from the body. Before being discharged through the anus,
faeces collected prior to the rectum. If the stool is ready to be discarded then sphinkter rectum
muscle regulate the opening and closing of the anus.
 PART OF ADDITIONAL
DIGESTIVE ORGANS
(ACCESSORIES)

h. salivary glands

Besides the tiny glands scattered throughout the oral cavity, there are three pairs of
major salivary glands: parotid, submandibular (submaxilaris), and sublingual. 

i. Pancreas
The pancreas consists of exocrine and endocrine parts. Endocrine portion consists of t
he islets of Langerhans and exocrine part composed of glands asiner, it is called
ancreatic acini section
 PART OF ADDITIONAL
DIGESTIVE ORGANS
(ACCESSORIES)

j. Liver (liver)

The liver is the largest organ of the body, after the skin. is located in the
abdominal cavity beneath the diaphragm, Most of the amount of blood (about
70%) comes from the portal vein. Through the portal vein, all substances that are
absorbed through the intestine reaches the liver except fatty acids, which are
transported through the lymph vessels.
 The
The mechanism
mechanism of
of the
the digestive
digestive
system
system

First of all, the digestion is done by mouth.

Here do the mechanical digestion is the process of using
teeth to chew food and chemical digestion using
enzymes ptyalin (amylase). Pryalin enzyme function in
the mouth conven food containing carbohydrates
(starch) into simple sugars (maltose). Maltose is easily
digested by the subsequent digestive organs. Enzyme
ptyalin works well at a pH between 6.8 to 7 and 37 C.
 Disease
Disease In
In The
The Digestive
Digestive System
System

1. Sprue, Bad Breath and Toothache

a. Sprue

Digestive tract disturbed or attacked by canker sores are mouth (lips and
gums) and the tongue. When you are exposed to thrush. lips and tongue
like hurt and sore, especially when eating.

b. Bad breath
 Disease
Disease In
In The
The Digestive
Digestive System
System

c. Tooth ache

Toothache is most often caused by a hole in the tooth. Cavities are also
called dental caries. The cause of cavities in children are food
containing sugar.

d. poisoned

Food poisoning is a condition that causes a person to experience nausea.

 Disease
Disease In
In The
The Digestive
Digestive System
System

e. Diarrhea and Constipation (constipation)

Diarrhea is a disease or a in which the patient movements

state experienced bowel mixed with water several times. The cause of
diarrhea is inflammatory bowel by other diseases such as cholera
and dysentery.

f. Ulcer

The disease is also called gastric ulcers or wounds in the

stomach. Digestive tract are attacked by ulcers are the stomach or
duodenum Symptoms include stiffness in the back one to two hours
after eating or when the stomach is empty.
 Disease
Disease In
In The
The Digestive
Digestive System
System

g. Typhus

h. Typhoid fever

Typhoid fever is a serious disease caused by bacteria. The bacteria causes the sufferer
typhoid fever, weakness, and even death. Incidence of typhoid fever usually occurs in a very densely
populated area.

i. Dysentery

This disease affects the intestines.

j. Stomach ulcers and gastritis

 Disease
Disease In
In The
The Digestive
Digestive System
System

k. Hepatitis

Hepatitis is a disease caused by a viral infection of the liver. The virus can enter
the body through water or food.

l. Appendix (Appendicitis)

Appendicitis is a. disorder that occurs due to inflammation of the appendix.

m. Hemeroid / Hemorrhoids / Ambeyen

Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels around or inside the anus.

 Disease
Disease In
In The
The Digestive
Digestive System
System

n. Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (stomach acid) or also known as GERD is a

condition that occurs when stomach acid rises to the top of the esophagus due to
esophageal muscular ring can not close properly.

o. Peptic ulcer

People often sit in the move and pregnant women often experience this disorder
Inflammation of the stomach wall to attack the mucous membranes that line the
stomach.
 Disease
Disease In
In The
The Digestive
Digestive System
System

p. Wormy

There are several types of worms disease. Three who need to know that
roundworms, hookworms and pinworms.

q. Disease Gallstones

Gallstone disease is an inflammation of the gallbladder or bile duct obstruction

due to a stone that comes from kolesterol.
OM SANTIH,SANTIH,SANTIH OM